Onion cultivation requires a long growth cycle and sufficient nutrients, making timely fertilization a key factor in achieving high yield and quality. Scallion fertilization should be carried out in stages to match the plant's developmental needs. During early growth, as summer begins and temperatures gradually rise, the plants start to grow more actively. At this stage, it's recommended to apply a first round of fertilizer—about 225 to 300 kg of compound fertilizer, 225 kg of urea and potassium sulfate, or 15,000 to 22,500 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare. This should be done in late August in North China. After applying the fertilizer, digging trenches and watering will help support leaf development.
By early September, the temperature becomes ideal for scallion growth, and the plants are in their peak growth phase, which is also the fastest period for yield increase. At this time, the green onions require a significant amount of nutrients, so a second round of fertilizer should be applied—ideally equal to or slightly more than the first application. Afterward, the soil on both sides of the rows can be mounded back into furrows, and regular watering ensures the plants receive enough nutrients for rapid growth.
From late September to early October, the climate in North China remains cool, which is an important period for the accumulation of photosynthetic products in Welsh onions. This is also when the yield increases rapidly and the fertilizer demand peaks before the final product formation. In Shandong’s main growing areas, Welsh onions are often intercropped with wheat. During this time, wheat seeds are sown, and it’s essential to provide adequate base fertilizer. A third round of fertilizer application is recommended, typically 60,000 to 75,000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare, along with 375 kg of compound fertilizer or 300 kg each of urea and superphosphate. This helps ensure both high-quality Welsh onions and proper nutrition for the intercropped wheat.
By October, the plants have already received sufficient nutrients, and the number of leaves and leaf area has reached their maximum. Therefore, no additional fertilization is needed at this point.
To further promote cell division, enhance leaf photosynthesis, and boost overall yield, foliar spraying with Shuofeng (481) at a concentration of 0.01% is recommended starting from early August. Apply the spray every 20 days, for a total of three times. This practice not only supports healthy growth but also contributes to better yields and improved crop quality.
Agricultural Chemical
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