Scientific name: Teleogrylus mitratus Burmeister. Synonyms include Gryllus testaceus Walker. Belonging to the order Orthoptera, family Polygonaceae. Common names are yellow oil gourd, brown earthworms, and others. This species is distributed across regions such as Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
Host Plants
This pest attacks a wide range of crops including rice, corn, sweet potato, wheat, peanuts, sesame, cabbage, melons, beans, and cotton. It can cause significant damage to both young and mature plants.
Damage Characteristics
The adults and nymphs feed on the roots, stems, leaves, and seedlings of fruit trees, vegetables, and various crops. Their feeding can lead to plant wilting, stunted growth, or even death in severe cases.
Morphological Features
Adult males measure 26–27 mm in length, while females are slightly larger, ranging from 27–28 mm. The forewings of both sexes are about 17 mm long. The body color is yellow-brown, similar to the Beijing oil gourd, but with distinct features: the top of the head does not protrude beyond the front edge of the thoracodorsal plate, and the front edge of the back plate is connected to the two compound eyes. The “eight†shape pattern is weak and not obvious. The pronunciation mirror is roughly circular, with a pronounced curvature on the front chest and a V-shaped notch at the end of the mid-chest and web. Eggs are elongated and tube-like, slightly pointed at both ends, with a yellowish milky white color. There are six instar stages of nymphs, which resemble adults but lack wings or wing buds.
Life Habits
In northern China, this species completes one generation per year. It overwinters at depths of 2–3 cm underground. Eggs hatch between April and May, and adults emerge from July to August. Nymphs and adults are nocturnal, becoming active during the night. From late September to early October, females lay eggs in small earthen nests near the base of plants. These nests are typically found in sunny areas such as riverbanks, ditches, ridges, and cemeteries among weeds, buried 2–4 cm deep. Each female lays between 34 and 114 eggs. Adults live for an average of 64 days, with some living over 200 days, but they die within 1–8 days after laying eggs. Males are known for their ability to attract females and engage in aggressive behavior. They often stay close to females. Nymphs and adults prefer dark, sheltered areas and tend to hide when exposed to light. They are omnivorous, but show a particular preference for oily and aromatic crops like soybeans and sesame seeds.
Control Methods
(1) Poison bait trapping: Dissolve 90% trichlorfon crystals in 30 times the volume of hot water (50g per 1.5kg of hot water). Mix with 30–50 kg of sautéed Memaifu per kg of solution. Combine with bean cakes or cottonseed cakes, mixing with water in a ratio of 1:1.5. Adjust the moisture content to be slightly damp, then place in the field.
(2) Light trapping: Use lights to attract and capture adult insects.
(3) Weed traps: Collect and destroy weeds where the pests gather.
(4) Plowing: Deep plowing in autumn or early spring to bury eggs and prevent hatching.
(5) Timely weeding: Reduce weed density to minimize habitat availability.
(6) If necessary, spray 1.5% parathion or 2.5% trichlorfon powder on the ground to control populations effectively.
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