Scientific name: Teleogrylus mitratus Burmeister. Synonyms include Gryllus testaceus Walker, belonging to the order Orthoptera and family Polygonaceae. Common names are yellow oil gourd, brown earthworms, and others. This species is distributed across Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
Host Plants
This pest attacks a wide range of crops, including rice, corn, sweet potatoes, wheat, peanuts, sesame, cabbage, melons, beans, and cotton. It can cause serious damage to both seedlings and mature plants.
Damage Characteristics
The adults and nymphs feed on roots, stems, leaves, and young shoots of fruit trees, vegetables, and various crops. Severe infestations may lead to plant death or stunted growth.
Morphological Features
Adult males measure 26–27 mm in length, while females are slightly larger at 27–28 mm. The forewings of both sexes are about 17 mm long. These insects have a large, yellow-brown body, similar in appearance to the Beijing oil gourd. Key distinguishing features include a flat head that does not protrude beyond the front edge of the thoracodorsal plate, a connection between the front edge of the back plate and the two compound eyes, and a weakly defined "eight" shape. Their pronunciation mirror is roughly circular, with a pronounced curvature on the front chest and a V-shaped notch at the end of the mid-chest and web. Eggs are long and tubular, slightly pointed at both ends, and appear pale yellowish-white. There are six nymphal instars, which resemble adults but lack wings or wing buds.
Life Habits
In northern China, this species completes one generation per year. During winter, they burrow 2–3 cm underground to survive. They emerge from eggs in April to May, and adults become active from July to August. Nymphs and adults are primarily nocturnal, becoming active at night. From late September to early October, females lay eggs in small earthen pits near the base of plants. These eggs are commonly found in sunny areas such as riverbanks, ditches, ridges, and cemeteries, typically buried 2–4 cm deep. Each female lays between 34 and 114 eggs. Adults live for an average of 64 days, with some individuals surviving over 200 days, but they usually die within 1–8 days after laying eggs. Males are known to be aggressive and actively seek out females, often staying close to them. Nymphs and adults prefer dark environments and tend to hide when exposed to light. They are omnivorous, but show a particular preference for oily and aromatic crops like soybeans and sesame seeds.
Control Methods
(1) Poison bait trapping: Dissolve 90% trichlorfon crystals in hot water (around 60–70°C), using a ratio of 50g of insecticide to 1.5kg of hot water. Mix this solution with 30–50kg of sautéed Memaifu (a type of grain cake). Once fully mixed with water (in a 1:1.5 ratio), the bait should be moistened just enough to stick together before being placed in the field.
(2) Light trapping: Use light traps to capture adult insects during their active periods.
(3) Weed pile trapping: Create piles of weeds and then destroy the pests hiding inside.
(4) Deep plowing after harvest or in early spring to bury eggs deep in the soil, preventing them from hatching.
(5) Timely weeding to reduce habitat and food sources for the pest.
(6) If necessary, apply 1.5% parathion or 2.5% trichlorfon powder directly onto the ground to control populations effectively.
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