I. Soil Management In protected cultivation of strawberries, high ridge farming is commonly used to maintain soil aeration and looseness, which reduces the need for frequent soil cultivation. Therefore, the main focus of soil management is mulching with plastic film. Using mulch film around strawberries helps improve soil conditions, conserve moisture, raise soil temperature, and reduce humidity. The mulch can be transparent (to increase temperature) or black (to suppress weeds), both of which support plant growth and enhance fruit yield. The timing of mulching depends on local climate and growing conditions. In colder regions, it is typically applied before the ground freezes, after the surface has dried slightly following 3–5 days of frozen water. The film thickness is generally between 0.008–0.02 mm. When applying the film, it should be tightly stretched and securely sealed. Seedlings can be covered together, and when the temperature inside the greenhouse becomes suitable for sprouting, the film can be carefully cut to allow the plants to emerge.
II. Scientific Fertilization Strawberries have a high demand for nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Ensuring adequate nutrient supply is crucial for their growth and productivity.
1. Basal fertilizer should be applied before planting. It is essential to use well-rotted organic manure, such as chicken manure or high-quality compost. Due to the dense planting of strawberries, it's difficult to apply additional fertilizers during the growing season. Thus, sufficient base fertilizer must be applied in advance. The recommended amount is at least 2,000 kg per mu of chicken manure or 5,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, along with appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The organic material should be fully decomposed, finely crushed, and evenly distributed across the field.
2. Top-dressing is an effective way to supplement nutrients throughout the growing season. The principle is to apply moderate nitrogen while increasing phosphorus and potassium. The frequency and quantity of top-dressing depend on soil fertility and plant development. Usually, one application is made every 10 days from the time the plants are covered until they begin to bud. The fertilizer typically consists of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer at a rate of 20 kg per mu.
3. Foliar feeding can significantly enhance leaf photosynthesis, stimulate respiration and enzyme activity, promote root development, and boost fruit yield and quality. During the middle to late stages of growth, spraying a mixture of 0.3%–0.5% urea, 0.3%–0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1%–0.3% boric acid, 0.03% manganese sulfate, 0.01% iron chelate, and organic solutions like 883 high-yield spirit can help the fruit develop better, increase weight and sugar content, and improve flavor and market value. Foliar feeding is best done during the budding, flowering, and flower bud differentiation stages.
III. Rational Watering In greenhouses, the presence of mulch film often creates the illusion that the soil is dry, even though it remains moist underneath. This can lead to misjudgment about watering needs. A reliable indicator of whether plants need water is observing if leaves spit water in the morning. If not, the plants may be water-stressed, even if the soil feels moist. This phenomenon is most noticeable in the early morning and usually disappears by 10 o'clock as temperatures rise. During the flowering period, watering should be done once combined with fertilization, and irrigation should be carefully managed during fruit enlargement. Water should be provided during nursery and after planting, ensuring timely and moderate watering. In early spring, avoid overwatering unless there's a severe drought, as excessive water can lower soil temperature and hinder root growth. Before winter, proper water control is important to prevent excessive vegetative growth that could harm winter survival. A final watering should be done before the ground freezes to ensure safe overwintering and support early growth in the next season.
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