Kidney beans are not high in fat, but they are rich in nutrients. Proper water and fertilizer management is crucial for their growth and yield, and it mainly involves three key aspects.
First, it's important to apply a good base fertilizer and provide timely top-dressing. This ensures that the plants have enough nutrients from the start and can continue to thrive throughout the growing season. Second, increasing the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers while using a moderate amount of nitrogen helps promote strong root development, healthy foliage, and better pod formation. Lastly, it's essential to control early growth and encourage later development to prevent legginess and premature aging. Balancing plant nutrition is key to increasing flower and pod production.
Adequate base fertilizer supports root growth and enhances the activity of rhizobial bacteria, leading to more nodules and stronger vine growth. This helps the plant develop more flower buds, laying the foundation for a high yield. Typically, 2000–3000 kg of organic manure per mu, along with 25–30 kg of superphosphate and 50 kg of wood ash, should be applied as basal fertilizer.
Before flowering and sprouting, cowpeas don't require much water or fertilizer, so management should focus on control. If the base fertilizer is sufficient, additional top-dressing is usually unnecessary. However, if the weather is dry, light watering can help maintain moisture without over-saturating the soil. Too much water and fertilizer can cause excessive vine growth, leading to fewer flowers and poor pod development, especially in the lower parts of the plant.
Once the first pods begin to set, it’s time to apply a second round of fertilizer and water. This involves applying 10–15 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu, along with 20–30 cubic meters of water. After this, keep the soil consistently moist and apply fertilizer 1–2 weeks before irrigation to ensure the plants remain vigorous and continue flowering.
During the pod harvest period, the plants will need more water and nutrients. A final irrigation and fertilization can be done by applying 10 kg of urea, 20–25 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate, or 40 kg of wood ash per mu, along with 20–30 cubic meters of water. This final stage is critical for maximizing yield and ensuring the quality of the harvested pods.
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