At present, it's an excellent time for watermelon seedling cultivation. Based on the experience of most melon farmers in the suburbs of Beijing, the following key points should be carefully considered during the seedling management process:
I. Variety Selection: For large watermelons, varieties such as Jingxin No. 1 and No. 2 are highly recommended. For small watermelons, varieties like "Early Spring Red Jade" and "Red Xiaoshuai" from the Beijing Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, or the Jingxiu variety from the Beijing Vegetable Research Center, are ideal choices. Farmers can also opt for other locally suitable varieties.
II. Seed Treatment and Pre-Sprouting: 1. Seed treatment involves soaking seeds in a 1500-fold solution of trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate for 15–20 minutes. Afterward, rinse thoroughly with clean water and gently dry the seeds with an oil-free towel. 2. To initiate germination, keep the seeds at room temperature (25–32°C) for 24–36 hours.
III. Bud Selection: After 24–36 hours of germination, when about 75% of the seeds have sprouted, select the best buds and subject them to a low-temperature treatment for 8–10 hours at 5–10°C. This helps strengthen the seedlings and promotes healthy growth.
IV. Seedbed Preparation and Sowing: 1. Sterilize the seedbed soil using a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 800 times, or 56% seedbed net diluted 500 times, or 72% Previc 1000 times. Alternatively, a 1000-fold dilution can also be used. 2. To prevent root-knot nematode diseases, apply appropriate control agents simultaneously. 3. When sowing, select uniform germinated seeds and ensure the soil moisture is between 60% and 70%. After sowing, cover the bed with white mulch to retain heat and maintain a soil temperature of around 25°C for optimal germination.
V. Post-Seedling Management: Once 75% of the seedlings have emerged, remove the cover promptly. Carefully remove any weak or deformed seedlings to ensure that the cotyledons receive enough light. This allows them to turn green faster, promoting efficient photosynthesis.
VI. Temperature Control: Once more than 80% of the seedlings have emerged, stop using geothermal heating. Maintain daytime temperatures between 25°C and 32°C, and nighttime temperatures between 14°C and 17°C. Ensure that the minimum night temperature does not drop below 12°C to protect the young plants.
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