After the apple blossoms, it becomes the top priority of the entire year’s management. This phase plays a crucial role in determining fruit size, appearance, and reducing the occurrence of rotten fruits. To address common issues in production, the following standardized techniques are recommended:
1. **Pest Management and Pesticide Selection**: It is essential to carefully choose pesticides and avoid blindly pursuing "new" products. Many new drugs contain unfamiliar ingredients and come with higher costs, but their effectiveness may not be significantly better than traditional options. Farmers should avoid using unnecessary chemicals and aim to minimize the number of pesticide applications. Ideally, three sprays are sufficient, with an interval of 7 days (which can be extended to 10 days if no rain).
- **First spray**: A 50% carbendazim solution at 800 times dilution, or chlorpromazine (Dragon Lamp or Kesheng brand), or 5% bactericidal agent (to prevent leaf spot disease) combined with 1.5% polyoxin at 300 times, plus 20% mancozeb at 2000 times or 0.9% avermectin at 3000 times (for red spider control). Also include 48% chlorpyrifos at 1200 times (to control leaf miners and other pests), and 1200 times Diflubenzuron or 20% methoxyfenozide at 6000 times. Apply calcium foliar fertilizer, and for severe cases, use 10% imidacloprid at 3000 times.
- **Second spray**: Use protective fungicides like Dasheng, Phoebe, or Antai, along with calcium.
- **Third spray**: Combine Jinggangmycin and carbendazim or pure carbendazim with 5% Jinggangmycin at 800 times, plus chlorpromazine, polyoxin, and calcium. Avoid using copper, sulfur, or mancozeb-based products after this round to prevent small black spots.
2. **Early Fruit Thinning**: This is a critical technique to ensure larger fruits and long-term high yields. Early thinning helps save nutrients and maintain proper fruit spacing. The ideal time to finish thinning is within 20 days after flowering. Keep fruit spacing between 20–25 cm, limit thick branches to no more than 4 fruits each, and ensure each fruit has at least 40 large leaves. Remove weak branches, peripheral shoots, short shoots, and fruits that are misshapen, too small, or not properly formed. For trees with few flowers, allow up to two fruits per tree.
3. **Bud Removal and Branch Pruning**: Regardless of tree size, remove unwanted buds and branches as early as possible to reduce nutrient competition and improve overall tree health.
4. **Bark Scraping for Disease Control**: After flowering, lightly scrape the old bark on the trunk, making sure the scraped area is over 20 cm long. Apply a suitable solution and cover it with newspaper. This method effectively controls cottony cushion scale and tumors while preventing waterlogging for an entire year. Be careful not to burn the tree during scraping, and adjust the dose based on the length of the scraped area.
5. **Scientific Bagging for Better Quality Fruits**: Bagging is now a standard practice. Three key points should be followed:
- **Timing**: Bagging should be done by the end of the 30th day after flowering. Early bagging helps prevent some diseases, and using scissors to make vents can help increase fruit size. Delayed bagging may affect peel development and increase pest and disease risks.
- **Spray Interval**: Wait 2–3 days after spraying before bagging. This allows the systemic fungicide (like chlorpromazine, jinggangmycin, or carbendazim) to form a protective film on the fruit. If bags are applied immediately after spraying, the film may be damaged, reducing its effectiveness.
- **Bag Selection**: Use high-quality red wax bags with red paper inside, which have been proven to result in the highest quality fruits.
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