After the apple blossoms, it becomes the top priority of the entire year’s orchard management. This phase is crucial for determining fruit size, appearance, and reducing the occurrence of rotten fruits. To address common challenges in apple production, the following standardized techniques are recommended:
1. **Pest Management and Pesticide Selection**: Choosing the right pesticides is essential to reduce costs and improve effectiveness. Avoid blindly pursuing "new" products, as they often come with higher prices and similar or worse performance compared to traditional options. It's also important to minimize the number of pesticide applications. Ideally, three rounds of spraying should be sufficient, with intervals of 7 days (extendable to 10 days if no rain). The first round should include a 50% carbendazim solution (diluted 800 times), chlorpromazine (Dragon Lamp or Kesheng brand), or a 5% bactericidal agent to control leaf diseases. Add 1.5% polyoxin (300 times) or Polaroid (to manage red and black spot diseases), 20% dying net (2000 times), or 0.9% avermectin (3000 times) to control red spider mites. Include 48% Lost (1200 times) for leaf pests like pollenium corniculatum, cotton aphids, and small rolls. Diflubenzuron (1200 times) or 20% killing urea (6000 times) can be used to control leaf miners. Finally, apply Ryan calcium for foliar calcium, and in severe cases, spray 10% imidacloprid (3000 times) alone. The second round should include protective bactericides like Dasheng, Phoebe, or Antai, along with Ryan calcium. The third round may involve Jinggangmycin carbendazim, pure carbendazim, or a combination of chlorpromazine, polyoxin, rib, Ryan calcium, and imidacloprid. After this round, avoid using copper, sulfur, or mancozeb zinc-based products to prevent small black spots.
2. **Early Fruit Thinning**: Early thinning is a key technique to save nutrients and increase fruit size. Proper thinning helps ensure high yields in subsequent years. It should begin as early as possible and finish within 20 days. Maintain a spacing of 20–25 cm between fruits, limit thick branches to no more than four fruits, and ensure each fruit has at least 40 large leaves. Remove weak branches, peripheral shoots, short shoots, and unproductive fruits. For trees with fewer flowers, allow up to two fruits per tree.
3. **Bud Removal and Pruning**: Remove unnecessary buds and branches as soon as possible, regardless of tree size, to reduce nutrient consumption.
4. **Scraping and Protection**: After flowering, lightly scrape the old bark on the trunk, ensuring a length of over 20 cm. Apply an appropriate liquid, then wrap it with newspaper. This method effectively controls cotton swabs and tumors while preventing flooding for an entire year. Be careful not to burn the tree, and adjust the scraping length and dosage accordingly.
5. **Scientific Bagging**: Bagging is now a standard practice. Three key factors should be considered: First, bagging should occur by the end of the 30th day after flowering. Early bagging helps overcome some deficiencies, and using scissors with vents can enhance fruit size. Delayed bagging may affect skin retraction and increase pest and disease risks. Second, wait 2–3 days after spraying before bagging, as systemic fungicides (e.g., chlorpromazine, jinggangmycin, carbendazim) need time to form a protective film. Applying bags immediately after spraying may damage the film and reduce effectiveness. Third, use red wax bags with red paper inside for the highest quality fruit yield.
By implementing these practices, growers can significantly improve fruit quality, reduce losses, and ensure long-term productivity.
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