As the fall and winter seasons approach, temperatures begin to gradually decrease. From August to September, the temperature drops to between 25°C and 22°C, marking the golden period for earthworm growth. When the temperature falls to 13°C to 15°C from October to November, the feeding activity of the earthworms decreases significantly until they stop eating altogether. Once the temperature drops below 8°C to 10°C in November and December, the earthworms enter their hibernation phase. Practical experience has shown that enhancing feeding and management during autumn and winter is crucial for ensuring a safe hibernation period, which can lead to better market conditions around New Year’s Day and the Spring Festival, ultimately helping to achieve higher profits.
First, long material preparation. In early autumn, when temperatures range between 23°C and 28°C, earthworms are highly active and consume large amounts of food. This is an ideal time to increase feeding to support their growth and prepare them for the colder months ahead.
Second, maintaining warmth. As the pool water temperature begins to drop in late fall, the body temperature of the earthworms also decreases, causing their growth to slow or even stop. To counter this, artificial cold protection and warming methods can be applied. By constructing transparent plastic film shelters over the breeding ponds, we can maintain adequate light exposure while minimizing heat loss. This technique can effectively extend the growth period by approximately one month.
Third, ensuring safe wintering. When the temperature drops below 10°C in November, the earthworms stop feeding and enter dormancy. For those not yet ready for market or intended to be kept for high-value periods like the Spring Festival, proper wintering practices are essential. One method is dry pool wintering: after the earthworms stop eating, the pool is allowed to dry out, enabling the earthworms to burrow into the soil. A layer of 15 to 20 cm of straw or crop stalks is then placed on top to keep the soil moist but not frozen. The cover should not be too dense, and plastic film should be avoided to prevent suffocation. Another method is deep water wintering: before the hibernation period, the pool water is raised to about 1 meter, allowing the earthworms to hibernate in the mud beneath. During winter, if the surface freezes, ice should be manually broken to prevent oxygen depletion and potential suffocation.
Fourth, timely trapping. Through practical exploration, we have developed simple and effective trapping methods that are easy to perform and cause no harm to the earthworms. The process involves using thick new grass, preferably straw or turf harvested that year. Soak it in a 5% lime water solution for 24 hours, then rinse with fresh water and let it sit for two days. Afterward, place the mats on the sediment surface, spread a 5 cm layer of straw or wheatgrass, followed by a second layer of straw mats. Then add a 10 cm layer of dry straw on top of the two mats. When the water temperature drops below 13°C, gradually lower the water level to 6–10 cm. Once the temperature falls below 10°C, drain the water completely. At this point, due to the insulation effect of the straw layers, the temperature above the mud is higher, allowing the earthworms to remain active between the layers. When harvesting, do not remove the straw all at once. Instead, lay a plastic sheet on one side and carefully remove the hay. If there is excess scum in the straw, move the wet grass along with the mat onto the plastic sheet for cleaning, and use a small net to collect the earthworms. This method ensures long-term survival of the earthworms in the muddy layers between the straw and mats.
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