Cucumbers grown during the summer and autumn seasons sometimes develop a white, powdery coating on their surface, often referred to as "frosting fruit." This phenomenon is actually a physiological disorder that affects the appearance and quality of the cucumbers, leading to reduced market value and lower farmer income. After years of research and field experience, the Qingyuan County Bureau of Agriculture has identified the causes of this issue and developed effective prevention strategies. Below are the key findings:
First, the causes:
One major factor is shallow soil, which limits root development and nutrient absorption. In some cases, the soil layer is too thin, making it difficult for plants to access sufficient nutrients. As cucumbers mature, their roots become less efficient at absorbing nutrients, especially in the later growth stages. Additionally, severe pest and disease infestations can cause early plant aging, while continuous cropping leads to poor soil fertility. High temperatures, particularly at night, and prolonged cloudy weather can also contribute to this problem. These conditions reduce the plant's ability to produce enough nutrients, increase respiration rates, and lead to the formation of waxy substances on the cucumber skin.
Second, the prevention measures:
1. Balanced fertilization: Avoid excessive use of nitrogen, and ensure proper application of phosphorus and potassium. It's important to manage fertilizer use carefully during the late growth stage and practice crop rotation to maintain soil health.
2. Deep plowing: Soil should be turned to a depth of more than 30 cm. If deep plowing isn't possible, apply 200 grams of soil conditioner mixed with 100 kg of water before planting. Alternatively, during irrigation, use a "free tilling" method to loosen the soil. After about 20 days, the soil up to 50 cm deep will become loose and well-aerated, promoting better root growth and nutrient uptake.
3. Pest and disease control: During the late growth period, it's crucial to monitor and manage pests and diseases to prevent premature aging of the plants.
4. Greenhouse management: In protected cultivation, it's essential to regulate temperature, especially at night, to reduce respiration intensity. Clean greenhouse films regularly to improve light transmission and enhance plant growth.
5. Foliar feeding: Apply a foliar fertilizer solution every 7–10 days to boost leaf photosynthesis, increase nutrient production, and avoid respiratory stress.
6. Use of suitable rootstocks: When using black-skinned pumpkin as a rootstock, cucumbers are more prone to frosting. However, using imported Japanese pumpkin as a rootstock significantly reduces or even eliminates this issue.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can effectively reduce the occurrence of "frosting fruit" and improve the quality and profitability of their cucumber crops.
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