Apple growers have reported that lobular disease in apple trees has become a serious issue, affecting entire orchards, individual trees, or just specific branches. Once the disease occurs, the internodes at the top of the shoots shorten, the leaves become smaller, yellow, and wilted, leading to a significant drop in yield. The fruits also shrink in size, become deformed, and lose their commercial value, causing economic losses for farmers.
The primary cause of lobular disease is nutritional deficiency, particularly zinc deficiency. There are three main scenarios: First, when the entire tree or a whole orchard shows symptoms, it's typically due to a lack of zinc. Second, when the disease appears on certain branches, it's often the result of improper pruning. Observations show that localized cases are usually caused by excessive branch wounds, which damage the vascular system and block nutrient flow. Third, the disease commonly occurs in areas affected by rot or dry rot in older trees.
To address zinc deficiency, timely supplementation is essential. One method is to spray a 3% to 5% zinc sulfate solution 10 to 15 days before apple trees begin to sprout. For mild cases, a lower concentration may be used, while more severe cases require a higher concentration. This treatment is effective for about one year after application. Another approach is to apply zinc sulfate directly to the soil—around 0.5 to 1 kg per tree. This method takes effect in the spring and lasts until September of the same year, with more noticeable results in the following year. A single application can last several years, but it should not be used in alkaline soils.
In sandy or barren mountain orchards, where zinc deficiency is common, it's also important to improve soil quality by adding organic fertilizer and implementing better soil and water conservation practices.
For cases caused by improper pruning, the best solution is to adjust the pruning techniques—reduce heavy cuts, avoid removing too many weak branches, and minimize scarring on the tree.
Finally, for lobular disease linked to diseased or weakened trees, it’s crucial to strengthen the tree's health as soon as possible through proper care and disease prevention measures. Ensuring good tree vigor helps reduce the risk of future infections and improves overall productivity.
Greenhouse Hydroponic System
Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. Terrestrial plants may be grown with only their roots exposed to the mineral solution, or the roots may be supported by an inert medium, such as perlite or gravel. The nutrients in hydroponics can come from an array of different sources; these can include but are not limited to waste from fish waste, duck manure, or normal nutrients.
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