Tenebrio, commonly known as mealworms, are widely recognized as an excellent feed for various aquatic and avian species due to their high protein content, palatability, and ease of digestion. They are particularly favored for feeding goldfish, koi, tropical fish, and ornamental fish. When used as food for birds such as thrushes and larks, mealworms can boost their immunity and enhance the vibrancy of their feathers. With the growing popularity of home fish farming and bird keeping, many hobbyists have started cultivating Tenebrio themselves to ensure a steady supply of nutritious feed.
To support the healthy growth of different stages of Tenebrio, several feed formulations have been developed:
1. **Larval Feed Formula**:
- Wheat bran: 70%
- Corn flour: 24%
- Soybean meal: 5%
- Salt: 0.5%
- Feed complex vitamin: 0.5%
2. **Adult Feed Formula**:
- Wheat bran: 45%
- Corn flour: 35%
- Bean cake: 18%
- Salt: 1.5%
- Feed complex vitamin: 0.5%
3. **Egg-Laying Adult Feed Formula**:
- Wheat bran: 75%
- Fish meal: 5%
- Corn flour: 15%
- Sugar: 3%
- Salt: 1.2%
- Feed complex vitamin: 0.8%
4. **Breeding Adult Feed Formula**:
- Pure wheat flour (from low-quality wheat or malt): 95%
- Sugar: 2%
- Royal jelly: 0.2%
- Feed complex vitamin: 0.4%
- Salt: 2.4%
Since Tenebrio is an omnivorous species, it's important not to feed them the same diet for extended periods. To maintain their health and growth rate, it’s recommended to occasionally add vegetable leaves, fruit peels, or other natural supplements. Additionally, providing water and vitamin C can help improve their overall development.
**Processing Techniques**:
When preparing the feed, all ingredients should be thoroughly mixed. Then, add about 10% water (vitamins can be dissolved in the water for better absorption) and mix well. Afterward, dry the mixture in the sun. For feeds with high starch content, use 15% boiling water to mix with other ingredients before drying. However, avoid boiling vitamins with hot water, as this may destroy their nutritional value.
The moisture content after processing should not exceed 12% to prevent mold and spoilage. If any feed becomes damp or moldy, it should be dried immediately. You can place it in a drying oven at around 50°C for 30 minutes before use. Alternatively, if the feed is free from pests, you can seal it in a plastic bag and freeze it at -10°C for 3–5 hours. After thawing, it can be dried and used safely.
By following these feeding and processing methods, you can ensure that your Tenebrio remains healthy, nutritious, and suitable for use as high-quality animal feed.
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