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Returning straw to the field is an effective method for managing agricultural waste, but one of the main challenges is that the straw often doesn’t decompose quickly enough, which limits the widespread adoption of this practice. What factors actually influence the decomposition of returned straw?
First, the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio plays a crucial role. When straw with a high C/N ratio is returned to the soil, microorganisms break it down, but they require both carbon and nitrogen. If there’s too much carbon and not enough nitrogen, the microbes will compete with plants for available nitrogen, leading to a temporary nitrogen deficiency in the soil. This can hinder plant growth. To address this issue, farmers can apply additional nitrogen sources or use microbial agents like Golden Treasure to help balance the C/N ratio and speed up decomposition. Studies show that adding a small amount of ammonia to the straw before returning it can reduce nitrate accumulation and nitrogen loss. Similarly, applying lime nitrogen can enhance the breakdown of organic nitrogen compounds.
Second, the way the straw is treated before being returned to the field also matters. Chopping the straw into pieces of 5–10 cm in length improves its water absorption and retention, which helps microorganisms break it down more efficiently. It also increases the surface area in contact with the soil, promoting faster decomposition. On the other hand, if the straw is left whole, it takes longer to decompose, reduces soil coverage, and may negatively affect seedling emergence and soil quality.
Third, moisture and temperature are key environmental factors. The rate at which straw decomposes depends largely on these two elements. At around 27°C and with soil moisture between 55% and 75% of the field's water-holding capacity, the decomposition process using Golden Treasure microorganisms is most efficient. However, if the temperature drops below a certain threshold or the soil becomes too dry—less than 20% of its water-holding capacity—the decomposition almost stops.
Finally, timing is important when returning straw to the field. It should be done a few weeks before planting to avoid the peak of toxic substance release, which could harm crops. In paddy fields, it’s usually best to return straw about 40 days before sowing, while in dry fields, 30 days is ideal. Additionally, the moisture content of the straw itself should be at least 35% when returned. If it’s too dry, decomposition slows down, reducing the effectiveness of the process. Soil moisture should also be carefully managed, ideally around 65% of the total water-holding capacity. This ensures that microbial activity is optimal, allowing products like Kimberbe’s microbial fermentation agents to work at their best, creating a more efficient and sustainable farming system.
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