Peanuts grow best in soils with good texture, but sandy soils often lack fertility, have poor water retention, and are not efficient at holding nutrients. Therefore, when growing peanuts on sandy land, it's essential to focus on proper nutrient management during the growth period to achieve high yields. The following are key practices to consider:
First, due to the low fertility of sandy soils and the weak ability of young peanut plants to fix nitrogen, early application of fertilizer is crucial. Before the flowering stage, a light seedling fertilizer should be applied. Typically, 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu is sufficient, or alternatively, 250 kg of well-rotted manure mixed with 10 kg of superphosphate and 3 kg of potassium chloride. Alternatively, 50 to 75 kg of wood ash can be used instead of potassium chloride. After applying, it's important to loosen the soil and incorporate the fertilizer into the ground.
Second, during the flowering stage, rhizobia begin to fix atmospheric nitrogen, so additional nitrogen fertilizer is usually unnecessary. However, in alkaline soils, applying 5 to 7.5 kg of gypsum per acre along with 100 to 150 kg of diluted manure can improve soil structure. Alternatively, 10 to 15 kg of superphosphate mixed with 15 to 25 kg of finely crushed manure can be sprinkled on the peanut hills. This method helps to bury phosphorus and calcium fertilizers in the soil for better absorption. While potassium alone may not significantly boost yield, combining it with phosphate fertilizer—such as 5 to 10 kg of potassium sulfate or chloride with 15 kg of superphosphate—can enhance productivity.
Third, foliar feeding can be an effective way to promote pod development and increase yield. Starting in early August, spray 2% to 3% calcium superphosphate solution (prepared by dissolving and filtering) two or three times, once every 7 to 10 days. Apply 50 to 100 liters per acre. This practice can boost yield by more than 5%. If flowering is weak, you can add 100 to 200 grams of urea per acre. In zinc- or boron-deficient soils, apply zinc sulfate and borax through foliar sprays during the seedling to early growth stages. A concentration of 0.1% to 0.2% is ideal, sprayed 2 to 3 times, spaced 7 to 10 days apart. It’s best to spray in the late afternoon on cloudy days, and if rain occurs shortly after, re-spraying is necessary.
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