Deep-fallen loose soil destroys habitats where diseases and insect pests thrive. The dormancy of deciduous fruit trees refers to the period from natural leaf fall in late autumn through winter until budding in spring of the following year. After a year, fruit trees have germinated, grown, and flowered, consuming significant nutrients. Trees that have harvested fruits are like mothers who are exhausted after childbirth. If they are not properly supported and protected, viruses may take advantage of this weakness. To increase nutrient reserves in branches and ensure safe winter survival, managing the dormancy period of fruit trees is crucial. A combination of basal fertilization and deep plowing (60-80 cm) should be applied. This promotes root growth, improves soil structure, retains moisture, and more importantly, destroys overwintering pests and disease survivors. Earthworms, beetles, golden needleworms, and ground tigers survive in the soil during winter, while pests such as peach aphids lay eggs in soil cracks or weeds. Before the soil freezes, deep plowing should be done to turn pests to the surface for freezing or bird predation. Combined with flooding, eggs, larvae, and cockroaches can be suffocated. During deep plowing, surface leaves, fallen leaves, and weeds should be buried deep to prevent pathogen reinfestation. Care must be taken to protect the root system to avoid weakening the tree.
Applying base fertilizer helps restore vitality to fruit trees. After harvest and before freezing, apply base fertilizer. The earlier the better, using decomposed organic manures primarily, with small amounts of nitrogen and compound fertilizers. Methods include acupuncture, inter-row application, and ring furrow. All orchards that missed autumn fertilization should complete it before the land freezes. Organic fertilizer should not be delayed until spring, as it may affect spring germination and flower bud differentiation. After fertilization, water should be applied to seal in winter moisture. Once the soil is half-dry, loosen it to reduce evaporation and maintain moisture.
Pruning and adjusting nutrient distribution is a key technique in fruit tree management and an effective measure against pests and diseases. Winter pruning regulates the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, reduces nutrient consumption, and improves tree health. Pruning during dormancy focuses on different stages: sapling stage mainly involves shaping, mature stage adjusts flower, leaf, and bud ratios, and maintains tree vigor. Remove dead, dry, or weak branches, protect large wounds with "Corrosion Injury Film," and spray 100 times fluid to disinfect. Each fruit tree has unique characteristics, so pruning methods vary.
Grapevine pruning requires careful attention. Leave a good annual branch, which is thick, round, and has short internodes. Cut 3-5 cm above the bud to avoid drying out the cut. Apply wound protection film promptly. Pay attention to the direction of the cut and avoid damaging buds. Grape pith is prone to moisture loss, so cutting should be done carefully.
Jujube tree pruning during the initial phase focuses on sparse, short-cutting, and cultivation. Follow the "four stays, five don't stay" principle to expand canopy and increase production. Remove weak, drooping, and pest-infested branches. Apply wound anti-corrosion film to prevent cracks and promote healing.
Persimmon sapling pruning aims to develop a strong skeleton and proper tree shape. Select main lateral branches, adjust angles, and balance tree potential. Shorten central extensions if necessary. Promote branch expansion and mother branch development. Maintain a dry height of 1-1.5 meters, select 5-6 full shoots on the main trunk, and apply wound protection after pruning.
Chestnut tree pruning varies by age. Young trees focus on plasticity and results, while mature trees balance growth and fruiting. Remove weak and dense branches, renew lateral branches, and maintain crown coverage. Senescent trees require renewal and revitalization to restore productivity.
Pomegranate pruning should be delayed until 2-3 months after winter to avoid cold damage. Combine winter and summer pruning to control excessive growth. Avoid heavy pruning, which can weaken the tree. Use thinning and slow release techniques, removing erect, dense, and weak branches.
Mulberry tree pruning should be done from late December to mid-January. Avoid pruning after spring when nutrients are lost. Use special tools to prevent bark damage. Choose strong branches, remove invalid ones, and keep cut strips 10-15 cm long. Treat different mulberry types differently.
Pear tree pruning during youth focuses on main and lateral branches, balancing growth. Early fruit trees expand the canopy, while mature trees maintain balance and update branches. Use thinning and slow release to remove excess branches.
Apple tree pruning during youth promotes branching and crown formation. Use spur-type apples carefully, avoid over-pruning, and maintain balanced growth. Adjust branch angles to promote healthy development.
Prickly pepper tree pruning includes old, adult, and sapling stages. Remove diseased branches, prune for density, and use heavy cuts. Protect wounds with anti-corrosion film.
Big cherry tree pruning should be done before sprouting. Techniques include shortening, pruning, retracting, and thinning. Apply protective films to wounds to prevent infections.
Kiwi tree pruning occurs after defoliation and before sap flow. Use light shear to expand the canopy, manage vines, and promote fruiting. Renew weak vines and preserve strong ones.
Peach tree pruning balances growth and fruiting. Winter pruning affects next year's quality and quantity. Use light shearing and long-tailing techniques to manage growth and promote early results.
Eucalyptus pruning should occur after shoot stopping, typically in September. Apply wound protection after pruning to prevent dieback.
Tree trunks painted white improve dormancy quality by preventing frost, sunburn, and pests. Use "Zhushumian" to enhance tree immunity.
Orchard cleanup removes fallen leaves, fruits, weeds, and pruned branches. Burn or bury them to prevent disease spread. Spray "General Tree Guardian" to protect against pests and frost.
Pesticide spraying should occur before pests emerge. Use fungicides and low-toxicity options to control diseases. Reduce chemical use to promote ecological balance.
Early spring pest control targets overwintering pests. Use biological pesticides and foliar sprays to protect trees and promote growth.
Fruit thinning ensures balanced production. Leave one fruit per 20-25 cm, adjust based on tree size and health.
Promoting Kao No. 2 replaces fruit tree girdling, improving flower bud differentiation and fruit setting rates. Apply it to tree trunks for best results.
Fruit bagging enhances fruit appearance, prevents pests, and increases market value. Choose appropriate bags, time bagging correctly, and protect fruit pedicles.
Summer fertilization supports fruit enlargement and flower bud differentiation. Use balanced NPK fertilizers, supplement with foliar sprays, and maintain proper irrigation.
Physical methods for disease control include mud, urine, salt, and garlic treatments. These methods are effective and environmentally friendly.
Protecting natural enemies is essential during pest control. Use biological and cultural methods to maintain ecosystem balance.
Summer is critical for fruit tree management. Focus on disease prevention, pest control, and proper nutrition to ensure high yields and quality.
In conclusion, summer is the most important period for orchard management. Proper care ensures healthy growth, high yield, and quality fruit. It reflects the grower's skills and management effectiveness.
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