Peanuts grow best in sandy soils with good texture, but these soils often lack fertility, have poor water retention, and are not efficient at holding onto nutrients. Therefore, in addition to applying basal fertilizer and seed fertilizer, it's essential to focus on proper nutrient management during the growth phase to achieve high yields. Here are the key practices:
First, due to the low fertility of the sandy soil and the weak ability of young peanut plants to fix nitrogen, it's important to apply early seedling fertilizer. This should be done before flowering begins. The amount should not be excessive—about 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu, or around 250 kg of high-quality manure mixed with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (such as 10 kg of superphosphate and 3 kg of potassium chloride). Alternatively, 50 to 75 kg of wood ash can be used instead of potassium chloride. After application, it's recommended to loosen the soil and open furrows to ensure better nutrient absorption.
Second, during the flowering stage, rhizobia in the soil begin to fix atmospheric nitrogen, so additional nitrogen fertilizer is usually unnecessary. However, in alkaline soils, applying 5 to 7.5 kg of gypsum powder per acre, mixed with 100 to 150 kg of well-rotted manure, can improve soil conditions. Alternatively, 10 to 15 kg of superphosphate can be mixed with 15 to 25 kg of finely ground manure and applied to the peanut ridges. Combining this with soil cultivation helps bury the fertilizers, improving their effectiveness. While potassium alone may not significantly boost production, combining it with phosphate fertilizer has a positive impact. A mix of 5 to 10 kg of potassium sulfate or chloride with 15 kg of superphosphate per acre is effective.
Third, foliar applications can help enhance fruit development and increase yield. Starting in early August, spray 2% to 3% calcium superphosphate solution (prepared by dissolving the superphosphate, filtering, and using the supernatant) two or three times, once every 7 to 10 days. Apply about 50 to 100 liters per acre. This can increase yield by more than 5%. If the plant growth is weak, you can add 100 to 200 grams of urea per acre. In soils deficient in zinc and boron, these micronutrients should not be added to the base fertilizer. Instead, spray 0.1% to 0.2% zinc sulfate or borax solution during the seedling to early growth stage, applying it two to three times with a 7 to 10-day interval for best results. It’s best to spray in the late afternoon or on cloudy days. If it rains after spraying, reapplication is necessary.
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