1. **Incorrect use of the drive belt**: A small four-wheel tractor is usually equipped with three V-belts. However, some machines only have one or two belts installed, and the third is not used at all. When the tractor is in operation, the increased load causes the drive belt to slip severely. This not only reduces transmission efficiency but also lowers the output power. The belt becomes overheated, starts to delaminate, deform, and wear out faster. Therefore, it's important not to overwork the drive belt, as this can lead to early failure and costly repairs.
2. **Neglecting cleaning of the cooling system**: The water tank of the tractor is open at the top, making it easy for dust and debris to fall into it during use and when parked. In some cases, it may even be filled with hard, dirty water. Over time, impurities settle and accumulate, forming scale that blocks the cooling passages. This affects the engine’s ability to cool properly, leading to higher temperatures, thinner engine oil, reduced lubrication performance, and accelerated wear on moving parts. It can also cause expansion of components, reduce technical performance, lower power output, and in severe cases, result in damaged cylinder heads, stuck pistons, and warped engine blocks.
3. **Uncontrolled modifications**: Some operators make unauthorized changes to the tractor, which can damage its original mechanical integrity. For example, increasing the diameter of the drive pulley to boost speed can lead to several issues: First, changing the gear ratio increases the clutch speed and creates more impact loads when the engine speed fluctuates, causing increased torsional vibration and reducing the lifespan of clutch components. Second, a larger pulley increases the contact area between the belt and the wheel, making the belt more prone to breaking and accelerating wear. Third, higher speeds reduce traction, creating safety risks during transport and climbing. Additionally, the increased load raises the temperature, thins the lubricating oil, and makes it harder to form an oil film, which speeds up wear on the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism. Lastly, modifying the tractor can damage its handling and stability, potentially leading to premature wear of braking components due to poor braking performance.
4. **Severe overloading**: Some drivers frequently overload the tractor during transportation, placing excessive strain on the engine, transmission, and running gear. This leads to increased pressure, higher temperatures, and thinner oil, which reduces lubrication effectiveness. In emergency situations, the tractor may not stop in time, increasing the braking distance and raising the risk of accidents. Overloading also increases fuel consumption, causes black smoke from the exhaust, and promotes carbon buildup in the combustion chamber, accelerating wear on pistons and cylinders.
5. **Improper traction and starting**: Some tractors are started by pulling them with another tractor. However, the high viscosity of the oil in the gearbox and oil pan increases resistance. If the clutch is engaged too quickly, the gears experience sudden impact loads, which can cause gear teeth to break due to fatigue. This method is especially dangerous in cold weather and should never be used to start the tractor under such conditions. (Yuan Bo)
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