Broodstock breeding is typically divided into four key phases: postpartum care, autumn conditioning, winter management, and spring preparation. During winter, low temperatures significantly reduce broodstock activity and feeding capacity, making them more susceptible to diseases. Poor management during this period can have a major impact on the success of artificial hatching, fish seed production, and adult fish farming in the following year. Therefore, effective winter broodstock management is crucial for maintaining high-quality breeding stock.
The main technical considerations for winter broodstock cultivation include:
1. **Pond Selection**: Choose ponds with sufficient water supply, flat bottoms, shelter from wind, and good insulation properties. An ideal size is around 10–15 acres. These conditions help maintain stable water temperature and improve overall fish health.
2. **Stocking Density**: Proper stocking density is essential to ensure optimal gonad development and efficient use of the water body. The recommended numbers vary depending on species:
- For large broodstock (5–8 kg per fish), stock 10–15 fish per acre.
- For medium-sized broodstock (around 10 kg), keep 3–5 fish per acre.
- For grass carp, aim for 8–10 kg of broodstock per mu, with about 15 fish per unit.
- The male-to-female ratio should generally be 1:1.5, with a minimum of 1:1 to ensure successful spawning.
3. **Daily Management**: Assign dedicated personnel to monitor and manage the pond regularly. Routine checks should be conducted to detect any issues early. Water should be refreshed periodically to increase dissolved oxygen levels, and the water level must be maintained to help raise the water temperature. When the water temperature remains above 6°C, feed the fish small amounts of fine and green food to improve their physical condition and reduce the risk of parasitic loss.
4. **Disease Prevention and Control**: Winter broodstock are prone to diseases such as gill rot and white skin disease. Careful handling during capture is essential to avoid damaging the fish’s scales or skin. For treating fungal infections like hydromycosis, use a 10–20 ppm Weikang bath, or apply 0.15–0.3 ppm Quanchiposa. Additionally, for eel ponds, adding fermented manure periodically can help improve water quality and increase water temperature.
Proper winter care ensures that broodstock remain healthy and ready for the next breeding season, ultimately leading to better reproductive performance and higher yields in aquaculture operations.
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