Broodstock breeding is typically divided into four key phases: postpartum care, autumn cultivation, winter cultivation, and spring cultivation. During the winter season, low temperatures significantly affect broodstock activity, reduce feeding capacity, and increase the risk of fish diseases. Poor management during this period can have a major impact on the success of artificial hatching, fry production, and adult fish farming in the following year. Therefore, proper winter broodstock management is essential for ensuring high-quality breeding outcomes.
The main technical considerations for winter broodstock cultivation include:
1. **Pond Selection**: Choose ponds with sufficient water supply, flat bottoms, sheltered from strong winds, and good water retention and insulation properties. An ideal pond size is around 10 to 15 acres, which allows for efficient water circulation and temperature control.
2. **Stocking Density**: Proper stocking density is crucial to ensure optimal gonad development and full utilization of the water body. Stocking density varies depending on the species:
- For main broodstock, it's recommended to keep 10–15 fish per acre, each weighing between 5–8 kg.
- For larger broodstock, 3–5 fish per acre with an average weight of 10 kg are suitable.
- For grass carp broodstock, 8–10 kg per mu (approximately 667 square meters) with 15–20 fish per unit is ideal.
- The male-to-female ratio should generally be 1:1.5, with a minimum of 1:1 to ensure successful breeding.
3. **Daily Management**: A dedicated person should be responsible for daily monitoring and maintenance. Regular inspections of the pond, timely water changes to maintain dissolved oxygen levels, and ensuring stable water levels are all important. When the water temperature remains above 6°C, small amounts of fine feed and green material should be provided to improve fish health and reduce disease risks. In eel ponds, adding fermented manure periodically during winter helps raise water temperature and improve water quality.
4. **Disease Prevention and Control**: Winter broodstock are susceptible to diseases such as water mold and white skin disease. Careful handling during capture is essential to avoid damaging the fish’s skin or scales. If infections occur, treatments like a 10–20 ppm Weikang bath or 0.15–0.3 ppm Quanchiposa solution can be used effectively.
Proper winter management not only ensures the survival of broodstock but also lays the foundation for a productive breeding season in the following year. By focusing on these key aspects, aquaculture farmers can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of their broodstock programs.
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