Organic nutrients in feed serve as the primary energy source for foxes. These nutrients provide energy through metabolic processes within the body. Today, the calculation of total nutritional value and energy requirements for animal feed is based on metabolizable energy. The standard unit used to measure fur and feed energy, as well as nutritional value, is 418 kJ (or 100 kcal) of metabolizable energy. Feed energy can be expressed in kilojoules or kilocalories, with 1 kcal equal to 4.184 kJ, and 1 kJ equivalent to approximately 0.239 kcal.
The basal metabolic energy required per kilogram of body weight per day for adult foxes varies seasonally. In June and July, it ranges from 255–280 kJ (61–67 kcal), while in September and October, it decreases to 209–243 kJ (50–58 kcal). By November, it further drops to 176–218 kJ (42–52 kcal), and in December, it reaches 172–197 kJ (41–47 kcal). Basal metabolic energy represents the minimum energy needed to sustain life, accounting for about 72% of the total energy requirement. This means that the energy utilization ratio is roughly 100:72, or 1.39 times the basal level.
To meet maintenance needs, adult foxes require an average daily metabolic energy of 389 kJ in July and August—calculated by multiplying 280 kJ (67 kcal) by 1.39. In September and October, this amount is 339 kJ (81 kcal), and it decreases to 301 kJ (72 kcal) in November and 272 kJ (65 kcal) in December. During summer, a fox requires approximately 1 kJ (4.6 kcal) per gram of body weight, while in the fall, this increases to about 27 kJ (6.4 kcal).
Winter is a challenging time for foxes, as they often experience weight loss. Female foxes typically lose 8–12 grams per day, while males lose 15–20 grams. This gradual weight loss is a natural and necessary preparation for the breeding season, helping them conserve energy and adapt to the upcoming reproductive cycle.
Trauma Cannulated Screw
Cannulated screw is a common internal fixation device in orthopedic surgery.
Working process
During the operation, the Kirschner wire with the hole matching the hollow screw is first drilled into the bone of the fracture site, and then the hollow screw is screwed into the fracture site through the guidance of the Kirschner wire. Finally, the Kirschner wire is pulled out to complete the fixation of the fracture site. In many cases of fracture of the neck and femur, the healing cycle is long, and it usually takes about 30 months to remove the cannulated screws. At this point, the bone and the surface of the cannulated nail are closely connected and firmly connected in the nail path, which leads to defects easily generated by conventional nail removal methods, causing secondary injury at the fracture healing site and causing pain to the patient. Percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation for femoral neck fractures has the advantages of small trauma, good healing, low rate of femoral head necrosis, and good stability.
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