Liaoning Fengcheng is a key region for the production of Liaoning cashmere goats. In recent years, most local sheep farmers have transitioned from traditional extensive grazing methods to more efficient "two-stage" breeding techniques. This approach involves reducing the grazing period and extending the feeding period, which helps alleviate overgrazing pressure on pastures and eases the conflict between livestock farming and forestry. As a result, each goat produces 50–100 grams of cashmere, increasing income by 15–30 yuan per animal, making this method highly economically beneficial.
The "two-stage" system divides the year into two main periods: the summer and autumn grazing season, from May 16th to November 15th, and the winter and spring feeding season, from November 16th to May 15th. During the grazing season, farmers use the "starry grazing" method, where sheep are brought in early in the morning and late in the afternoon, with a rest during the hottest part of the day. After grazing, the flock is moved to shaded areas to cool down before being housed or left outdoors overnight. To avoid parasitic diseases, grazing is avoided in low-lying areas. As fall progresses, grazing is extended throughout the day, and farmers take advantage of leftover grains, fallen leaves, and wild grass seeds to supplement feed.
By late August to early September, lambs are weaned at 4–5 months old. Early October sees the use of cold-resistant lambs or fresh semen for breeding. Mid-October is the time for deworming using the "Bug-star" treatment, followed by vaccination against three major diseases—goat epidemic, sheep enterocytosis, and foot rot. In early November, sheep houses are cleaned and maintained, with each sheep having at least 1 square meter of space. Outdoor areas should be 2–3 times the size of the housing, equipped with feeding troughs, grass troughs, and salt dispensers. Farmers also conduct flock rehabilitation, culling weak or sick animals, and ensuring sufficient forage such as straw, hay, crop stalks, peanut pods, and sweet potato vines are available for winter feeding. Each sheep needs about 200 kg of straw, 300 kg of green feed and silage, and 20–30 kg of concentrate.
In mid-November, selenium injections are given using sodium selenite and vitamin E to improve health and immunity. During the winter and spring feeding period, breeding activities begin in late spring. Rams are prepared by removing their belly coverings and starting breeding. Non-breeding rams are fed high-quality hay, peanuts, and soybean meal, along with root vegetables like carrots and radishes. A balanced concentrate mix (corn 84%, soybean meal 15%, vitamins 1%) is provided daily. Ewes receive special care before mating, including short-term intensive feeding with 0.2 kg of mixed concentrate and 0.5 kg of green feed per day.
During pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, extra care is taken to prevent accidents and maintain hygiene. Lambs are weaned and gradually introduced to concentrates after 1.5–2 months. In early April, ewes give birth, and lactating mothers are fed wild hay, corn silage, and a small amount of concentrate. Lambs start with colostrum and then transition to forage and concentrates. By mid-May, all sheep are combed and dewormed, with additional selenium injections. At the beginning of summer, "sheep storks" are placed in pens to keep the animals warm and healthy. This well-structured system ensures both the productivity and welfare of the cashmere goats in Fengcheng.
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