The selection of parent goats plays a crucial role in the development of high-quality meat goat breeds. When choosing the male parent, it is essential to select individuals that exhibit large body size, rapid growth, wide adaptability, high feed conversion efficiency, superior meat quality, high slaughter rate, and strong resilience to environmental changes. Currently, popular breeds for breeding include Boer, Nubian, and Saanen goats. For the female parent, the focus should be on selecting animals with high fertility, good maternal instincts, strong lactation ability, resistance to roughage, and overall adaptability.
To achieve optimal results, scientific hybrid combinations are key. Common methods include two-way and three-way crossbreeding. In two-way crossbreeding, local does are mated with foreign or improved breed bucks, resulting in offspring with enhanced production performance. This method is simple to implement, as it requires only the improvement of local females through selective breeding, followed by the introduction of external breeds as males. This approach improves growth rates, reduces the time needed for genetic improvement, and is well-suited for small-scale rural farming operations. Common crossbreeding models include combinations like ♂ ♀ ♀ ♂, ♂ ♂ ♀ ♀, and ♂ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♀ ♀.
In three-way crossbreeding, the female parent is a local goat, while the first male parent is a foreign breed, and the second male parent is another exotic breed. This model produces more significant hybrid vigor but involves a more complex system. It requires first developing a purebred female population, then producing secondary hybrids for commercial use. This method demands higher management standards and is typically used in large-scale farms. The first male parent is usually a large, fast-growing breed such as Nubian or Saanen, while the second male parent should have excellent meat production traits, including high slaughter rate and growth performance. A common three-way cross includes Bosuan (Nuojiu Bengbu) and Boshun (Saiji Bengbu).
To support high-quality meat goat production, scientific feeding techniques are essential. The principle of “Good Breeding and Scientific Management†ensures better productivity. Key practices include improving housing conditions by using elevated beds, separate feeding and waste areas, and clean water sources. These measures reduce labor intensity, minimize forage waste, and improve overall health and survival rates.
Captive breeding combined with limited grazing helps manage goat populations more effectively, especially when natural grazing is inefficient. Grouping sheep by age, sex, and size also enhances management and promotes even growth. A typical group size for commercial flocks is 10–15 animals per pen, with a stocking density of 0.8–1.2 square meters per animal.
Diversifying feed sources based on nutritional needs is important. A balanced diet combining forage, straw, concentrates, and supplements ensures proper nutrition at all life stages. Processing straw through silage, micro-fermentation, or ammoniation increases its nutritional value and utilization.
Early weaning and supplementary feeding of lambs help accelerate growth, while proper fattening strategies during the final 45 days before market ensure optimal weight gain. Concentrates like corn, barley, and soybean meal are adjusted based on season, forage quality, and lamb age, with daily rations ranging from 80 to 150 grams.
Finally, disease prevention is critical. Regular cleaning and disinfection of barns, along with deworming programs using insecticides like levamisole and trichlorfon, help control parasites. Vaccinations and parasite control should be tailored to local conditions and seasonal trends.
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