This pest, commonly known as the apple leaf bud moth or apple leaf roller, is a significant threat to apple trees. It primarily feeds on young shoots and leaves, causing damage that can hinder the growth of saplings and affect the overall development of the tree. The larvae are particularly destructive, as they roll up several young leaves into a tight ball using silk to create a protective nest. One larva remains inside to feed on the leaves, which can negatively impact the formation of the tree's crown and reduce fruit production. In addition to apples, this pest also attacks other plants such as sea buckthorn, mountain vine, hibiscus, and pears.
The life cycle of this pest consists of four generations per year. Overwintering larvae reside in dried leaves at the top of branches or between lateral shoots and leaves. As spring approaches and apple buds begin to sprout, these larvae become active, feeding on young leaves. By mid-April, they move toward the tips of new shoots. After reaching maturity, the larvae spin cocoons within the leaves. Overwintering adults emerge in early May, mate, and lay eggs, with an egg stage lasting about seven days. The first generation of larvae appears in mid-May and continues to feed on young foliage. Subsequent generations appear in early July, early August, and mid to late September. By October, the larvae from the last generation begin preparing for winter.
To manage this pest effectively, several control methods can be applied. First, manual control is essential. During winter pruning, it's important to carefully remove and destroy any infested tips where larvae may be hiding. In mid to late April, manually removing larvae from seedlings can help reduce the population of the first generation. Second, chemical control measures should be applied during key periods—such as when overwintering adults are laying eggs and when larvae are hatching. Recommended treatments include 50% emulsifiable concentrate of pine (1000 times dilution), 20% cypermethrin emulsion (4000 times), 20% Good Year (1500 times), or 75% phoxim emulsion (2000–3000 times). Lastly, biological control methods can be used in orchards that support natural predators. Releasing Trichogramma wasps during the first generation of eggs can help reduce pest populations naturally. Combining these strategies ensures a more effective and sustainable approach to managing this harmful pest.
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