This pest, commonly known as the apple leaf bud moth or apple leaf roller, is a significant threat to apple trees. It primarily feeds on young shoots and leaves, causing damage that can hinder tree growth and fruit production. The larvae are particularly destructive, as they roll young leaves into tight balls, using silk to create nests where they remain hidden while feeding. This behavior not only damages the foliage but also affects the development of the tree's crown and reduces yield potential in young orchards. In addition to apples, this pest can also harm other plants such as sea buckthorn, mountain vine, hibiscus, and pears.
The life cycle of this pest consists of four generations per year. Overwintering occurs in the dried leaves at the top of branches, with some larvae hiding between lateral shoots and leaves. As spring arrives and apple buds begin to open, the overwintering larvae become active, feeding on new leaves. By mid to late April, they move to the tips of new shoots. After reaching maturity, the larvae spin cocoons within the leaves. Overwintering adults emerge in early May, mate, and lay eggs, with an egg period lasting about seven days. The first generation of larvae appears in mid-May to late May, continuing to feed on young foliage. Subsequent generations appear in early July, early August, and mid-to-late September. By October, the last generation begins to prepare for winter.
To manage this pest, several control methods can be applied. First, manual removal is effective during pruning. Carefully cutting off infested tips and destroying them helps reduce the population of overwintering larvae. In mid to late April, manually removing larvae from seedlings and young shoots can significantly lower the risk of the first generation. Chemical control is another option, with insecticides like 50% emulsifiable concentrate of chlorpyrifos diluted 1000 times, 20% cypermethrin emulsion diluted 4000 times, 20% Bifenthrin 1500 times, or 75% phoxim emulsion diluted 2000–3000 times being effective when applied during key stages. Lastly, biological control methods such as releasing Trichogramma wasps during the first generation of eggs can help manage populations naturally in suitable orchard environments.
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