Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea, also known as Triangle Flower, Paper Flower, Red Bougainvillea, or commonly called He Chunhong, is a popular ornamental plant known for its vibrant and colorful bracts. Its scientific name is *Bougainvillea spectabilis*. It belongs to the family Bignoniaceae, not Laveraceae or Cinnamomum, and is an evergreen, climbing shrub with thorny stems and dense hairy foliage. The leaves are alternate, ovate, entire, thickly covered with hair, and have a rounded tip.
The actual flowers of bougainvillea are small, yellow-green, and not very showy. What people usually admire are the colorful bracts—modified leaves that resemble petals. These bracts come in various colors such as bright red, orange, purple, and white, giving the plant its striking appearance. The three small flowers are often clustered together under these larger, colorful bracts, which are supported by short pedicels that merge with the midribs of the bracts.
Bougainvillea is native to Brazil in South America and was introduced to Europe in the 1930s. It is now widely cultivated throughout China. This plant thrives in warm, humid, and sunny environments and is not cold-tolerant. In southern China, it can be grown outdoors during winter, but in other regions, it needs to be cultivated in pots or greenhouses. It prefers well-drained sandy loam soil.
Propagation is commonly done through cuttings. In May and June, mature, woody branches about 20 centimeters long are cut, placed in a sand bed, covered with glass, and kept moist. Roots typically appear within a month, and after two years, the plants can be fully established.
The flowering period is long, lasting up to three to four months. During this time, many flowers and leaves fall, so regular cleaning is necessary to maintain the plant's beauty and freshness. Bougainvillea has high ornamental value. In southern China, it is often used as a climbing plant on walls. During the Spring Festival, its bright red bracts contrast beautifully with green leaves, creating a stunning visual effect, like a peacock spreading its tail.
In northern China, potted bougainvillea is commonly placed on porches, courtyards, and in public spaces, where it adds color and vibrancy. In its native Brazil, the leaves are sometimes used by women for decorative purposes. In Europe and the U.S., bougainvillea is popular as a cut flower. Additionally, in traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and is used to reduce swelling.
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