At present, squid breeding methods mainly include "Four Home Fish" pond culture, shrimp pond culture, and reservoir farming. Among these, reservoir culture is particularly popular due to its use of fresh water and reliance on natural food sources. The resulting fish are not only visually appealing but also have excellent quality, tender meat, rich nutrition, and strong market demand. This method is cost-effective and offers significant economic returns, making it widely adopted by farmers and consumers alike. This article will provide an in-depth introduction to the main techniques used in reservoir-based squid farming and polyculture practices.
The selection of the water area is crucial for successful reservoir farming. It should be a wide and sunny bay with moderate water flow, allowing for efficient exchange of water inside and outside the cages. The water depth should be over 3 meters, with clear, nutrient-rich water and high dissolved oxygen levels. It's beneficial if there are domestic wastewater discharges upstream, as they can enrich the water with organic nutrients. However, the surrounding environment must be free from industrial pollution, and the area should be kept away from docks and main shipping lanes to avoid noise disturbances and strong currents that could cause fish to escape.
For net cage selection and installation, polyethylene closed rectangular nodule cages are commonly used, with dimensions of 10m x 8m and a height of 3m. The mesh size should be between 4-6 mm, and the spacing between cages should be about 0.5 meters. The cage frame is typically made of Chinese fir, and plastic foam is added to increase buoyancy. The top of the cage should be submerged slightly below the water surface for stability. The four corners of the cage should be weighted with stones to help maintain its shape and prevent drifting.
Cage culture involves several key steps. First, before stocking, the cages need to be soaked in potassium permanganate at 30 mg/L for 24 hours. Water should be introduced 5–7 days in advance to allow algae to grow on the mesh, which helps prevent mechanical injury to the fish. The fish stocked should be larvae, cockroaches, and breams weighing between 120g and 150g per fish. These should be healthy, active, and free from physical damage. Before placing them into the cages, they should be soaked in a solution of 20 mg/L potassium permanganate and 40 g/L saline for 5–10 minutes.
Feeding is another important aspect of squid farming. Carp, being filter feeders, primarily consume plankton. However, during autumn and winter, natural food may be insufficient. In such cases, organic fertilizers can be added to enhance the growth of biological feed. If necessary, special eel feed can be placed in a net bag inside the cage and fed once daily around noon. Additionally, a 5W energy-saving lamp is installed in the center of each cage, powered by electricity, to attract zooplankton and insects from outside the cage. This not only increases the density of food within the cage but also aids in fish growth. Nighttime lighting also facilitates management and prevents accidental collisions with motorboats.
Daily maintenance is essential. Regular inspections of the fish and cages should be conducted to monitor growth, feeding patterns, and overall health. Any damage to the nets must be repaired promptly to prevent fish from escaping. During strong winds or heavy rain, the cages should be reinforced or lifted as needed. Adjustments to the position of the cages should be made according to changes in water level and reservoir conditions to ensure optimal breeding environments.
Disease prevention is also a critical component. A "prevention-first" approach is recommended, with regular treatments using bleached powder and hot steam to purify the water every 10–15 days. Monthly applications of pesticides and disinfectants are also advised. Diseased or dead fish should be removed immediately, and any affected individuals should be isolated to prevent the spread of illness. With proper care and management, reservoir farming can yield high-quality squid with excellent economic returns.
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