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Tropical fish, as the name implies, originate from tropical waters. However, in temperate zones near the tropics and their borders, there are also ornamental fish species that are commonly referred to as tropical fish. This means their range extends into some subtropical areas as well. Tropical fish can be divided into two main categories: tropical freshwater fish and tropical marine fish. The latter mainly come from coral reef ecosystems in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These fish often have unique body shapes, vibrant colors, and an ability to blend into their surroundings, giving them a mysterious and ancient beauty. Popular regions for these fish include the Philippines, Taiwan, the South China Sea, Japan, Australia, Hawaii, India, the Red Sea, and East Africa.
Tropical marine ornamental fish are widespread across vast oceanic areas, many of which remain unexplored. As a result, new species are still being discovered. These fish are considered one of the most promising groups in the aquarium trade, representing the future of ornamental fish. However, due to their specific environmental needs, they are not commonly found in the market.
Now, let's focus on tropical freshwater fish, which are more commonly kept in home aquariums. Unlike goldfish, which are typically native to temperate regions, tropical fish are generally adapted to warm environments. Most require water temperatures above 20°C to thrive. Some species may come from subtropical or even temperate areas but are still classified as tropical fish due to their appearance and behavior. Over thousands of years, many tropical fish have been selectively bred in artificial environments, leading to the creation of new varieties like colorful angels, blood reds, and parrot cichlids. Despite this, most tropical fish retain a close resemblance to their natural forms.
These fish are found in rivers, lakes, and streams across tropical and subtropical regions. They vary greatly in size, shape, and color, making them visually striking. In recent years, keeping tropical fish has become increasingly popular, especially in warmer climates. The first recorded instance of tropical fish being kept in captivity was in France in 1868, when Kaponeni introduced the Paradise Fish (Macropodus opercularis) to Paris. Known also as the Chinese fighting fish, it was the first tropical freshwater fish to be bred artificially.
Although tropical fish aren't always strictly from the tropics, the term broadly refers to any ornamental fish that isn't a goldfish and is suitable for aquariums. Their vibrant colors, lively behavior, and unique appearances make them highly appealing to hobbyists.
Tropical fish are primarily sourced from three major regions: the Amazon River Basin in South America, Southeast Asia, and the Great Lakes of Africa (Lake Malawi, Lake Victoria, and Lake Tanganyika). The Amazon is particularly rich in species, including the famous angelfish. Countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka also host a wide variety of tropical fish. In China, ornamental fish such as the white-tailed goldfish and blue star fish in Xishuangbanna are notable, though fewer in number.
Historically, tropical fishkeeping dates back over 2,000 years, with origins in ancient Egypt and Rome. It wasn’t until the last century that the practice spread globally. In China, tropical fishkeeping has a history of more than 70 years. Today, tropical freshwater fish are classified as bony fish, and while the classification varies by region, there are estimated to be around 2,000 ornamental species worldwide, with about 500 reported in China.
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