Tomato bacterial soft rot, caused by *Erwinia carotovora* subsp. *carotovora* (Jones) Bergey et al., is a widespread disease that affects tomato crops globally. This bacterial infection primarily targets the fruit, leading to significant economic losses if not managed properly.
In the field, symptoms are most noticeable on the fruits. The disease often enters through insect wounds or minor injuries caused by daily activities such as pruning or mechanical damage. Infected tissues become soft and water-soaked, rapidly expanding to cover half or even the entire fruit. As the infection progresses, the inner pulp turns into a slimy, foul-smelling mass, while the outer skin may remain intact but lose its shape. The odor is typically strong and unpleasant, making it easy to identify in early stages.
The pathogen overwinters in the soil and plant debris, and because it can infect a wide range of vegetables, there are multiple sources of inoculum in the field. The bacteria spread through rain, irrigation water, insects, and contaminated tools or fertilizers. They enter through wounds caused by pests, mechanical damage, or natural cracks. The ideal conditions for bacterial growth are temperatures between 25–30°C and relative humidity above 95%. The presence of pests like *Helicoverpa armigera* (cotton bollworm) can significantly increase the risk of infection.
To manage this disease effectively, several key practices should be followed. First, proper cultivation techniques such as mulching and controlled irrigation can help reduce moisture levels and prevent splash dispersal of the bacteria. After heavy rains, ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogging. Second, avoid working in the fields when dew is present on the leaves, as this increases the likelihood of spreading the bacteria. Pruning should be done carefully to minimize wound entry points.
Third, regular monitoring and control of pests such as aphids and tobacco cutworms are essential to prevent entry points for the bacteria. Farmers should also be cautious during farming operations to avoid unnecessary mechanical injuries. Fourth, any infected plants should be removed immediately and destroyed to prevent further spread. After harvest, all diseased plant material must be thoroughly cleared from the field, and the soil should be deeply tilled to reduce pathogen survival.
Finally, when the disease is detected, timely application of bactericides is crucial. Effective options include 72% streptomycin sulfate diluted 4000 times, neomycin 4000 times, 40% oxytetracycline 8000 times, 25% copper ammonium solution 500 times, 30% green copper 400 times, or 56% mancozeb 800 times. These treatments should be applied according to label instructions for best results.
By combining cultural, preventive, and chemical control methods, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of tomato bacterial soft rot and protect their crops more effectively.
Medicine Granules
Medicine Granules,Granules Medication,Ephedra Licorice Granules,Flunixin Meglumine Granules
Sichuan Aibang Weiye Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. , https://www.aibangpharm.com