Plastic greenhouses cultured jaundice
Cultivating astragalus in a plastic greenhouse allows for year-round production, making it an efficient and sustainable method. Soilless aquaculture not only helps manage diseases more effectively but also significantly boosts profitability. The ideal temperature range for astragalus growth is 27–30°C, which can be easily maintained in greenhouses without the need for additional heating systems. This temperature is naturally achievable during spring, summer, and autumn, and even in winter, the greenhouse can maintain an average of 20°C. Maintaining a continuous flow of water in the rearing pond ensures that water quality remains stable and clean.
First, constructing the breeding pond:
1. Open feeding ponds are ideal for areas with consistent warm water supply. They offer stable flow rates and are suitable for large-scale operations, though they have regional limitations. These pools are typically made from bricks and cement, with each pool measuring 10–20 square meters, 40 cm deep, and 1–2 m wide. The width between pools is 20–40 cm. Each pool has two inlet and two outlet pipes (3–4 cm in diameter). The water inlet is at the same height as the pool’s bottom, while the drain pipe is slightly higher to prevent overflow. Metal mesh screens are installed to prevent escape. Several units can be arranged side by side, ideally not exceeding 500 square meters per unit.
2. Closed-loop filter ponds are better suited for urban or water-scarce areas. They allow for water reuse, reduce consumption, and make temperature control easier, though they require a larger initial investment. The construction process is similar to open ponds, but additional components like aeration tanks, sedimentation basins, and water pumping/heating systems are necessary.
Second, stocking the species:
Once the pools are built, they should be drained, filled, and soaked for 5–7 days before draining again. The bottom drain should then be closed. Keep a small amount of flowing water in each pool, maintaining a depth of about 5 cm. Before introducing the fish, they should be soaked in a 10^-6 malachite green solution for 20–30 minutes to disinfect and remove parasites. The duration can be adjusted based on the fish's tolerance. After sterilization, stock them at a rate of 4–5 kg per meter, ensuring all fish in the pool are of similar size to avoid cannibalism.
Third, feeding:
Astragalus is a carnivorous species that prefers fresh food. After 2–3 days of stocking, feed them chopped snails, frogs, or other protein-rich materials at the feeding station. Increase the water flow slightly during feeding. Initially, feed 1–2% of their total body weight. Check the next morning—if all is consumed, increase to 2–3%, and gradually go up to 5%. As they grow, introduce more varied feeds like maggots, cooked organ meats, fish meal, soybean cake, and rice bran. Maintain a protein content of 35–40% in the feed. Feed once daily in the morning and afternoon.
Fourth, daily management:
With clear water and sufficient feed, astragalus rarely escapes, but it’s important to protect against predators like rats and snakes. Over time, you may notice uneven sizes within the same pool, so separate them promptly. After 5–6 months, they reach market size—6–10 pieces per kilogram—with a survival rate over 90%.
Fifth, disease prevention:
Although this method is relatively disease-free, some common issues should be monitored:
1. Cold disease: Caused by sudden temperature changes when new water is added. Prevent it by stabilizing the temperature.
2. Capillary nematode disease: Parasites cause weight loss and swelling. Treat with 0.1% trichlorfon in feed for six consecutive days.
3. Plum spot disease: Characterized by small sores on the body. Disinfect the water with 10 grams of bleach per cubic meter, or use lime or malachite green. Regular monitoring and prompt action are essential for healthy growth.
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