In November, the winter jujube tree enters its dormant phase, making it an ideal time for planting. This period is crucial for preparing the trees for healthy growth in the coming seasons. The key activities during this month include applying base fertilizer, protecting the trees, and establishing a new garden.
First, applying base fertilizer is essential. At this time, the soil temperature is relatively high, and moisture levels are sufficient, which helps speed up the decomposition of fertilizers and improves nutrient absorption by the roots. A common method is to dig trenches around each tree and apply 25 to 50 kilograms of composted soil mixed with fertilizer. Additionally, 2 kilograms of superphosphate should be added to each tree to enhance phosphorus content, supporting root development.
Second, trunk protection is important to prevent pests and diseases. A mixture of lime, salt, and sulfur can be used. The formula is 10 parts lime, 1 part salt, 50 parts water, and 5 parts lime sulfur. Once mixed, this solution should be applied evenly to the trunk to create a protective barrier.
Third, setting up a new garden requires careful planning. Winter jujube trees are shallow-rooted and thrive in well-lit areas. They can grow in a variety of soils, including those with pH levels between 5.5 and 8.5. However, for newly established gardens, it's best to choose flat, sunny plots with fertile, well-drained soil that’s free from pollution. Planting should occur after autumn, before the ground freezes, and the spacing should be adjusted based on the tree’s light requirements. Common spacing options are 2x3 meters or 3x4 meters, allowing for optimal sunlight exposure and efficient land use.
Fourth, planting methods typically involve single-row arrangements, with rectangular spacing that ensures proper air circulation and easier maintenance. The rows should be aligned north-south to maximize sunlight exposure.
Fifth, planting techniques are critical for successful establishment. Seedlings should be selected based on their height (over 1.2 meters), stem diameter (over 1 cm), and overall health. Grafted seedlings with good healing at the graft site are preferred. Before planting, long-distance seedlings should be soaked in water for 10–20 hours to rehydrate the roots. To boost survival rates, a rooting powder can be used. Mix 1 gram of rooting powder No. 3 with a small amount of alcohol, then dilute it in 10–25 kg of water. Apply this solution to the roots and cover them with a wet straw mat for 2 hours before planting.
Planting holes should be dug to a depth of 0.8–1 meter, with the topsoil separated from the subsoil. Each hole should be filled with 25 kg of compost mixed with topsoil, then the seedling is placed and carefully covered. The planting depth should ensure that the root collar is slightly above the ground level. After watering, the soil settles, and the root collar should align with the ground surface.
After planting, a thorough watering is necessary to settle the soil and encourage root establishment.
Finally, post-planting care includes protecting young seedlings from cold weather. One effective method is to whitewash the trunks using a mixture of 18 kg water, 2.5 kg salt, 0.1 kg vegetable oil, 0.05 kg starch, and 0.75 kg sulfur powder. Additionally, mounding soil around the base of the seedlings to a depth of 30 cm can help insulate the roots against frost. In spring, the mounds should be loosened 2–3 times to promote healthy growth.
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