Phosphorus deficiency in nectarine trees typically starts by affecting the middle and lower leaves of new shoots, gradually spreading to the entire tree. In the early stages, the leaves appear dark green, with red petioles and purplish veins. As the condition progresses, the leaves take on a copper-like color. The older leaves at the base of branches may turn yellow-green with white spots or even become entirely yellow and fall off prematurely. Meanwhile, the young leaves at the top of the branches may grow upright, narrow, and curl downward, resembling tongue-shaped leaves. The shoots become weak, with fewer branches and a purple tinge. Fruits are small, light in weight, and often drop before reaching maturity.
The primary causes of phosphorus deficiency include the natural composition of the soil, where acidic soils tend to fix phosphorus through reactions with iron, aluminum, and zinc, while alkaline soils bind it with calcium. Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers can also hinder phosphorus uptake. Additionally, poor drainage, low-lying areas, and cold soil temperatures can contribute to phosphorus deficiency in nectarine trees.
To prevent and manage this issue, it is recommended to apply organic fertilizers along with phosphorus-rich options like diammonium phosphate and superphosphate during autumn as a base fertilizer. After the temperature rises in greenhouses, apply compound fertilizers before mulching and during the flower bud differentiation stage. During the growing season, foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted 300–500 times or calcium superphosphate solution diluted 100–200 times can be used to supplement phosphorus levels effectively. Regular monitoring of soil conditions and proper irrigation practices are also essential for maintaining healthy phosphorus levels in nectarine orchards.
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