Phosphorus deficiency in nectarine trees typically begins with the middle and lower leaves of new shoots, gradually spreading to the entire tree. In the early stages, the leaves appear dark green, with red petioles and purplish veins. As the condition progresses, the leaves turn copper-colored. The older leaves at the base of branches may show yellow-green discoloration with white spots, eventually turning entirely yellow and falling off prematurely. Meanwhile, young leaves at the top of the branches often become upright, narrow, and curled, resembling tongue-like shapes. The shoots become weak, produce fewer branches, and develop a purple tint. Fruits are small, light in weight, and tend to drop before maturity.
The primary causes of phosphorus deficiency include soil conditions such as acidic soils where phosphorus is fixed by iron, aluminum, and zinc, or alkaline soils where it binds with calcium. Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers can also hinder phosphorus uptake. Additionally, poor drainage, low-lying fields, and cold soil temperatures contribute to phosphorus deficiency in nectarine trees.
To prevent and manage this issue, proper fertilization strategies should be implemented. In autumn, apply organic manure along with phosphorus-rich fertilizers like diammonium phosphate or superphosphate as a base fertilizer. During the early spring, after the temperature rises, apply compound fertilizers before covering with mulch and during the flower bud differentiation stage. Throughout the growing season, foliar sprays of 300–500 times diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 100–200 times diluted calcium superphosphate solution can help improve phosphorus availability and promote healthy growth. Regular soil testing and balanced nutrient management are also essential for long-term prevention.
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