The size and quality of fish species play a crucial role in their survival during winter. Studies have shown that smaller fish tend to have lower survival rates when facing cold conditions. As autumn approaches, water temperatures gradually drop, and the growth pattern of fingerlings shifts from increasing body length to gaining weight. During this time, fish store large amounts of nutrients in their bodies to sustain them through the winter. Therefore, proper care and management in autumn are essential, especially for smaller fish. Implementing intensive farming practices can help these fish gain weight more quickly, ensuring they are strong enough to survive the winter.
First, adjust stocking density and implement grading. In the fall, choose a day with suitable weather to sort fish by size. Divide them into three categories: large (20 cm), medium (about 15 cm), and small (less than 15 cm). Transfer larger fish to ponds with better conditions, while keeping medium and small fish in high-density breeding areas. The recommended stocking density is typically between 3,000 to 5,000 fish per pond with a depth of about 1.5 meters.
Second, focus on water fertilization and feeding. Along with maintaining proper water fertility, it's important to provide appropriate concentrates for certain species like pufferfish and bream. Feed them bran or cake at 9 am and 4 pm daily, or use compound feed at a rate of 0.5 to 1 kg per thousand fish. For grass carp-based ponds, supplement with green fodder like duckweed, young grass, and straw pulp, along with castor cake, rice bran, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, or compound feed.
Third, strengthen management and disease prevention. Autumn is a peak season for fish diseases, with grass carp disease being particularly severe. Regular inspections of the ponds should be conducted at early, mid, and late stages of the day to monitor fish behavior and feeding habits. Remove leftover food promptly, clean feeding areas regularly, and administer disease-resistant bait and antibiotics as needed. Monitor water quality closely and add fresh water when necessary. Every 20 days, apply quicklime (around 20 kg per mu) to improve water conditions, helping prevent diseases and enabling early treatment if any issues arise.
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