Half-feeding combine harvesters, such as models from Yanmar and Kubota, offer superior harvesting performance, better threshing quality, and more efficient power usage compared to full-feed machines. This is due to their unique crop-holding and threshing techniques, along with supporting technologies that make them highly effective. These machines have gained popularity among farmers for their efficiency and reliability. However, one common issue during operation is incomplete threshing, especially when harvesting late rice in certain regions. Based on field analysis and service reports from Xianyang Town, Pucheng County, several factors contribute to this problem.
First, the operating environment and the operator’s skill play a critical role. While half-feeding harvesters perform well, they require specific conditions and skilled handling. For instance, crop height is a key factor. These machines use a vertical header, which cuts the crop and transports it via conveyor chains to the threshing chamber. Therefore, the crop must be within a certain height range—like 70–120 cm for Yanmar models—to ensure proper feeding into the machine. If the crop is too short or too tall, it may not enter the threshing chamber correctly, leading to unclean threshing.
Another factor is the maturity of the crop. Some farmers rush the harvest due to weather or time constraints, resulting in crops with high moisture content. This makes the grain and stems harder, reducing threshing efficiency. High-speed harvesting can worsen this issue, causing more unthreshed grains.
Operator technique also plays a major role. In competitive markets, some operators prioritize speed over quality, failing to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines. This leads to improper operation, which directly affects the threshing process.
To address these issues, operators should adjust the machine’s speed based on crop conditions. Maintaining the engine at its rated speed ensures the threshing drum operates efficiently. Too slow a speed reduces threshing effectiveness, while too fast a speed increases grain loss. Proper adjustment of the header height is also essential. The header should be set so only the crop heads enter the threshing chamber, avoiding excessive straw that increases the workload on the drum. Too low a setting can cause crop leakage, while too high a setting may lead to overloading.
Additionally, the direction of harvesting matters. Half-feeding machines can lift fallen crops, but it's best to harvest in the direction of crop lodging. Reversing the direction can cause misalignment, leading to blockages or improper feeding into the drum.
Internally, the condition of the harvester itself is crucial. The header and threshing chamber are key components affecting threshing quality. Issues like uneven spacing between the cutter blades, worn chains, or damaged guide rails can lead to poor crop alignment and inefficient threshing. Regular inspection and maintenance of these parts are necessary. For example, adjusting blade gaps (0.1–0.4 mm) and ensuring proper chain tension can significantly improve performance.
In the threshing chamber, wear on the drum, concave screen, and cutting knife can reduce threshing efficiency. Replacing worn parts and checking the overlap between threshing arches and feed bars helps maintain proper crop flow and prevents leakage.
In conclusion, by understanding and addressing the operational challenges, farmers and operators can improve the performance of half-feeding combine harvesters. With proper training, regular maintenance, and attention to detail, the issue of incomplete threshing can be effectively resolved, ensuring high-quality harvesting results.
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