Ramie has a well-developed root system, characterized by thick, straight roots that can reach depths of 2 to 4 meters, along with 3 to 7 large lateral roots that spread horizontally up to 1.5 to 2 meters. This strong root structure allows ramie to adapt well to poor and dry soils, making it a valuable crop for cultivation in less fertile areas. Using hybrid varieties of ramie can significantly boost yields—when properly managed, farmers can expect to harvest up to 250 to 300 kg per mu.
One key technique for improving ramie growth is plastic film coverage, which helps retain soil moisture and warmth. For detailed guidance on this method, refer to "ramie film covering cultivation techniques."
Sowing should begin when the soil temperature reaches around 5°C. In Shandong, this typically occurs in mid-March. The sowing method involves planting seeds at appropriate densities, especially in mountainous dry land. The recommended row spacing is between 90 to 110 cm, with plant spacing of 60 to 80 cm, resulting in a density of 800 to 1,500 plants per mu. Each hole should contain 2 to 3 seeds, planted at a depth of 4 to 5 cm.
After sowing, it's important to check seedlings and transplant them if necessary. Ramie seedlings are easy to establish before they develop three true leaves. Once the seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves, one plant should be left per hole. Delaying this process can result in weak seedlings and lower productivity.
Fertilization is crucial, especially in dry, infertile soils. A base fertilizer mix usually includes 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1,000 to 2,000 kg of farmyard manure. Top-dressing should be applied twice: once during the budding stage and again when the main spike matures. Each application should include 10 to 15 kg of NPK fertilizer per mu.
Ramie grown in dry land tends to have a more compact plant structure, which improves air circulation and light penetration, making pruning easier. Typically, the first flower spikes are removed before they fully develop, and 2 to 3 first-level branches are retained under the flowers, while the rest are pruned. Subsequent pruning depends on the plant’s growth, with decisions made on how many branches to keep at each level.
Harvesting should occur when about 80% of the pods on the ear turn brown. It’s important not to harvest too early, as this can negatively affect yield and quality. After harvesting, the crop should be dried, threshed, and bagged promptly. The moisture content should be reduced to below 9% before sale.
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