Melons grown in greenhouses using double-membrane cultivation often face challenges with low fruit set and severe fruit drop. According to field surveys, some farms report fruit shedding rates as high as 70% or more, especially in muskmelons. This not only reduces yield and quality but also delays market readiness, leading to lower profits. Several factors contribute to this issue. First, excessive use of basal fertilizers—particularly available nitrogen—leads to leggy growth and hinders flower bud differentiation. Second, low temperatures restrict the development of reproductive organs. Third, high humidity and overly moist soil create unfavorable conditions for transpiration and root function, while also impairing pollen dispersal and viability, which disrupts pollination. Fourth, insufficient light causes elongation of stems and petioles, weakens flower bud formation, and reduces nutrient accumulation in fruits, lowering sugar content and overall quality.
To improve fruit set in melons, several strategies should be implemented. First, optimize the growing environment by removing waterlogging around the planting area to promote healthy root development. Crack open plastic films to allow early light exposure and maintain warmth. During rainy days, open greenhouse or base films to let in diffuse light. Second, regulate plant growth by applying paclobutrazol. For example, spray 40 grams of wettable powder per acre mixed with 50 kg of water to suppress vine growth, encourage ovary development, and enhance fruit size. Third, induce female flower setting by treating female flowers with products like "Sitting Guayan" or "Fruit Spawning." This can increase fruit set rates above 90%. The method involves spraying a 200–400 times dilution of "Sitting Guaconazole WP" on the developing fruit or applying a 10–20 times solution of "Sitting Gualing" to the stem. Finally, perform artificial pollination by collecting pollen from male flowers and transferring it to female stigmas. Each male flower can pollinate 2–3 female flowers, or use a dry brush to gently transfer pollen. Pollination should occur between 7 and 9 am daily for best results.
By implementing these measures, growers can significantly improve fruit set, reduce losses, and enhance both yield and quality of their melon crops.
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