Ramie has a well-developed root system, featuring thick and straight roots that can grow as deep as 2 to 4 meters. It also develops 3 to 7 large lateral roots that spread horizontally up to 1.5 to 2 meters. This strong root structure allows ramie to adapt well to poor soil conditions, making it an ideal crop for dry and nutrient-deficient land. Cultivating ramie in such areas can yield significant economic returns. Using hybrid varieties of ramie can further boost production, with yields reaching up to 250 to 300 kg per mu when properly managed.
First, plastic film covering: refer to the techniques for ramie film covering cultivation.
Second, sowing:
1. Sowing time: The best time to sow is when the soil temperature reaches around 5°C. In Shandong, this usually occurs in mid-March.
2. Seeding method: On dry mountainous land, the planting density should be slightly increased. The row spacing should be between 90 to 110 cm, and the plant spacing should be 60 to 80 cm, resulting in a density of 800 to 1500 plants per mu. Each hole should contain 2 to 3 seeds, and they should be covered to a depth of 4 to 5 cm.
Third, seedling inspection, replacement, and thinning:
Ramie seedlings have a high survival rate during the early growth stage, before the appearance of three true leaves. Any weak or missing seedlings should be replaced promptly. Thinning should be done when the plants have 3 to 4 true leaves, leaving one plant per hole. Delaying this process may result in weak seedlings, which can negatively affect the final yield.
Fourth, fertilization:
Dry land is typically less fertile, so adequate fertilization is essential to improve productivity.
1. Base fertilizer: A standard base fertilizer mix includes 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1000 to 2000 kg of farmyard manure.
2. Top-dressing: Since the soil in dry mountainous areas is often poor, it's recommended to apply top-dressing twice. The first application should be at the bud stage, and the second when the main spike is maturing. Each application should include 10 to 15 kg of NPK fertilizer per mu.
Fifth, pruning and management:
When cultivating ramie on dry land, the plant tends to be more compact, with better air circulation and light penetration, making pruning easier. Typically, the first flower spikes appear before budding. At this stage, 2 to 3 first-level branches are left below the flower, while the rest are removed. As the plant grows, the number of branches on the second, third, fourth, and fifth levels should be adjusted accordingly.
Sixth, harvesting:
Harvesting should begin when approximately 80% of the pods on the ear turn brown. Early harvesting can reduce both yield and quality. After harvesting, the crop should be dried, threshed, and bagged promptly once the moisture content drops below 9%. This ensures good marketability and maintains the product’s quality.
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