Root rot in fruit trees is a common disease that typically appears during the early spring when the roots begin to grow. This condition is primarily caused by various species of *Fusarium* fungi that infect the soil and attack the roots of fruit trees. In orchards with poor management practices—such as inadequate weed control, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and insufficient organic matter—the disease tends to be more severe. Additionally, factors like drought, nutrient deficiency, soil salinization, and compaction can exacerbate the problem, leading to higher infection rates.
Symptoms of root rot usually start with the fine roots, where reddish-brown circular spots develop around the base of the roots. As the infection progresses, these lesions expand and penetrate deeper into the root system, eventually reaching the xylem tissue. This causes the entire root to darken and die, which in turn affects the tree's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Affected fruit trees may show signs of stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and drooping branches. These symptoms are often mistaken for water or nutrient deficiencies, but they are actually the result of pathogenic bacteria invading the root system.
To manage root rot effectively, orchard owners should focus on improving overall management practices. Proper pruning and regular pest control are essential, along with timely weeding to reduce competition for nutrients and moisture. Soil improvement is also crucial—increasing the use of organic fertilizers can enhance soil structure, improve drainage, and promote beneficial microbial activity.
Chemical control measures can be applied in early spring or after harvesting. A recommended mixture includes 800 times dilution of Green Hen No. 1 or a combination of Green Hunter No. 1 and thiram at a ratio of 1:9. Each tree should be treated with 20–30 liters of this solution to ensure effective coverage of the root zone. Consistent monitoring and early intervention are key to preventing the spread of the disease and maintaining the health of the orchard.
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