Due to the advancement of greenhouse farming, the production of Chinese cabbage has now met the needs for year-round supply. It includes the cultivation of spring cabbage in plastic greenhouses, open field spring cabbage, summer cabbage, early-maturing autumn cabbage, and late autumn cabbage. In this article, we will focus on the management techniques used in the cultivation of spring cabbage in a plastic greenhouse.
1. **Varieties and Seedlings**
(1) **Varieties**: Early-maturing varieties with strong cold resistance and good pod formation are commonly used. Popular choices include "Spring and Summer King" and "Luchunbai 1." These varieties are well-suited for greenhouse conditions.
(2) **Seedling Preparation**: Most growers use electric heating beds for seedling cultivation. The soil mix is made up of 7 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic manure, and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter. This mixture is thoroughly blended and spread evenly in the seedbed. One week before sowing, the seeds are soaked in water, then sown and covered with a thin layer of soil. Germination temperature should be maintained at 20-25°C. After germination, the temperature should not drop below 15°C. During the seedling stage, it's important to expose the plants to as much sunlight as possible. Fertilization is generally not needed during this phase.
2. **Soil Selection and Planting**
Before planting, it’s best to rotate crops with non-cruciferous vegetables. Deep plowing, drying, and timely spreading of the soil are essential. Apply 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. Level the ground and create ridges, ideally 60 cm and 40 cm wide for easy field management. Apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters under the ridges. Planting should be done on sunny mornings. Maintain daytime temperatures between 20-25°C and nighttime temperatures above 15°C until the seedlings adjust. No top-dressing is needed during the seedling stage. After acclimation, maintain daytime temperatures between 18-22°C and nighttime temperatures between 13-15°C.
3. **Watering and Fertilization**
Watering and fertilization should follow a strategy of promoting growth initially, followed by controlled watering and fertilizing until harvest. The first irrigation should occur after transplanting, using drip irrigation between the rows. Watering the ridge tops is also effective. During the rosette stage, apply 15 kg of urea per 667 square meters along with irrigation. Once the plant enters the heading stage, use diammonium phosphate or a complete compound fertilizer at a rate of 20 kg per 667 square meters. Stop watering 10 days before harvest to improve storage quality.
4. **Temperature Regulation and Light Control**
(1) **Temperature Requirements**: Different growth stages require specific temperature ranges. Germination needs 20-25°C, while seedlings thrive at 22-25°C. The rosette stage requires an average of 17-22°C, and the head formation stage needs 12-22°C. For optimal storage, temperatures should be kept between 0-2°C. Temperatures below -2°C can cause frost damage, while above 5°C may lead to rotting. Flowering and podding require higher temperatures, around 17-20°C. The accumulated heat during the growing season plays a key role in determining the number of growth days. Late-maturing varieties need more heat accumulation than early ones, so regional climate considerations are important.
(2) **Light Intensity**: Light intensity significantly affects photosynthesis and leaf development. While direct light is sufficient during the day, lower leaves often receive scattered light, reducing their photosynthetic efficiency. However, these leaves have adapted to low-light conditions, allowing for closer planting. Strong light promotes flat leaves, while weak light makes them more upright. Newer leaves are more responsive to light, leading to better leaf structure. The outer leaves of the head receive more light and stand upright, while inner leaves, receiving less light, form the compact head.
5. **Harvesting, Storage, and Transportation**
Once the head is fully formed, Chinese cabbage should be harvested promptly, especially for varieties with spring knots. Proper timing ensures high quality and marketability. After harvesting, store in cool, dry places to extend shelf life. Transport carefully to avoid bruising and damage. With proper management, the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage can be maximized throughout the year.
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