Milk goats are known for their strong adaptability and low maintenance requirements, making them ideal for small-scale or backyard farming. They can thrive on a variety of feed sources such as weeds, leaves, vines, melon beans, bran cakes, and mixed grains. However, to ensure optimal health and milk production, proper breeding and scientific management at different growth stages are essential.
First, managing pregnant ewes is crucial. During the first 30 days after mating, avoid poor feeding conditions and frequent dietary changes. For naturally mated females, allow them to interact with rams or view them through a fence 18–25 days post-mating to confirm pregnancy. Once confirmed, provide sufficient nutritious feed to maintain good body condition and encourage light exercise to keep them active. In the last month of pregnancy, gradually increase nutritional intake to prepare for peak milk production, but avoid overfeeding, as excessive fat can reduce milk yield. Instead, focus on high-quality, balanced feeds rather than high-energy options.
Second, lamb care requires attention at every stage. The first 10 days are critical, with colostrum being the main source of nutrition. Rich in nutrients and antibodies, colostrum should be at least 1/5 of the lamb’s body weight. If the mother cannot nurse, hand-feeding with a bottle is recommended. From day 10 onward, whole milk can be provided until around 40 days old. Introduce small amounts of easily digestible concentrates and hay early to support digestive development. Between 40 and 80 days, balance milk, grass, and feed—such as legume hay, barley, oats, corn, bran, and soybean meal. By 80–120 days, transition to more solid feed, and if quality hay and supplements are available, weaning can begin as early as 90 days without affecting growth.
Third, lactating ewes require a well-balanced diet to sustain milk production. In summer and autumn, provide about 5 kg of fresh grass or sweet potato vines, 0.25 kg of corn flour, 5 g of bone meal, and 10 g of salt per liter of milk produced. Ensure access to clean water. In winter and spring, switch to 2 kg of high-quality hay or dried vines, along with 300 g of corn flour, 5 g of bone meal, and 10 g of salt. As milk output increases, adjust concentrate levels accordingly. Ewes producing 1.5–2.5 kg of milk daily should receive 0.5–0.7 kg of corn flour, while those producing 3–3.5 kg need 0.8–1 kg. Keep male and female sheep separated, allow grazing for 2–3 hours daily, and maintain clean living conditions to promote health and productivity.
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