Milk goats are known for their strong adaptability and low maintenance requirements. They can thrive in various environments and are easy to feed and manage. A wide range of feeds, such as weeds, leaves, vines, melon beans, bran cakes, and mixed grains, can be used to support their diet. However, proper breeding and scientific management at different growth stages are essential to ensure optimal health and productivity.
First, pregnant ewes. During the first 30 days after mating, it's important to maintain stable feeding conditions and avoid frequent changes in diet. For ewes that have been naturally bred, they should be allowed to interact with rams or be observed through a fence 18–25 days post-mating to confirm pregnancy. Once confirmed, they need a balanced, nutrient-rich diet to maintain good body condition and promote vitality. Light exercise is also beneficial during this time. In the final month of pregnancy, gradually increase the nutritional level to prepare for peak milk production, but avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity, which can reduce milk yield. Instead, focus on high-quality, well-balanced feeds.
Second, lambs. (1) The initial period: For the first 10 days, colostrum is crucial. It’s rich in nutrients and antibodies that boost the lamb’s immune system. Lambs should consume at least 1/5 of their body weight in colostrum. If human assistance is needed, let them nurse from the mother for the first six days, then switch to artificial feeding. (2) Feeding period: After 10 days, whole milk should be provided until about 40 days old. Alongside milk, introduce small amounts of easily digestible concentrates and hay to help develop digestive capabilities. (3) Milk supply period: From 40 to 80 days, provide a mix of milk, grass, and concentrates. Use high-quality legume hay, and feed a combination of barley, oats, corn, bran, and soybean meal. (4) Weaning period: Between 80 and 120 days, shift the diet to mainly roughage. With access to good quality hay and by-products, weaning can begin as early as 90 days without compromising growth.
Third, lactating ewes. Lactating goats are typically kept indoors, and their feed should meet their energy needs based on milk output. For every kilogram of milk produced, they require 5 kg of fresh grass or sweet potato vines, 0.25 kg of corn flour, 5 g of bone meal, and 10 g of salt, especially during summer and autumn. Ensure they always have access to clean water. In winter and spring, feed 2 kg of high-quality hay or dried vines, plus 300 g of corn flour, 5 g of bone meal, and 10 g of salt. Provide warm water. As milk production increases, adjust concentrate levels accordingly. Ewes producing 1.5–2.5 kg of milk daily should receive 0.5–0.7 kg of corn flour, while those producing 3–3.5 kg should get 0.8–1 kg. Keep male and female sheep in separate groups, allow grazing for 2–3 hours daily, and maintain clean living areas to support their health and productivity.
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