First, careful selection is crucial. Female goats were chosen based on three main aspects: their ancestry, their own physical traits, and the performance of their offspring. Ewes that met specific criteria related to growth, body structure, and productivity were selected. These include:
1. Ewes that gave birth to twins in their first kidding or had multiple births in their first three litters.
2. Ewes with minimal skin folds, which indicates better health and efficiency.
3. Ewes with a light face, high body frame, well-proportioned build, long necks and legs, and large chests and bellies.
4. Ewes whose rams are from high-reproduction breeds.
Second, proper feeding and management play a key role in reproductive success. The nutritional status of the ewe directly affects her fertility and pregnancy rates. A well-nourished ewe with a strong sexual desire will have higher mating and conception rates. Therefore, it's essential to ensure a balanced diet that meets all nutrient requirements. Before breeding, short-term intensive feeding should be implemented, including increased energy, protein, and vitamins. For example, during grazing, each sheep can be fed 100 grams of soybean meal, 200 grams of corn or barley flour, 200 grams of bran, 15 grams of salt, and 15 grams of baking soda, mixed with water and given for 30 days. This helps improve overall fitness, stimulate estrus, and increase the chances of successful conception.
Third, increasing calcium and phosphorus intake is vital for bone development and reproductive performance. The weight of female goats before mating has a direct impact on lambing rates. Heavier ewes tend to have higher reproduction rates, while lighter ones may struggle. Calcium and phosphorus are essential for skeletal growth, so it's important to include calcium-rich feeds like peanut shells, walnuts, peas, eggshells, and bone meal in the diet. Using 10–13 crushed, roasted eggshells and 5–10 grams of bone meal twice daily for 30 days can help strengthen bones. Additionally, allowing sheep to graze in sunlight enhances vitamin D synthesis, which aids in calcium absorption and supports reproductive health.
Fourth, the use of certain drugs can further boost reproductive success. For instance:
1. A mixture of 150 grams of bitter salt, 150 grams of wheat bran, and 50 grams of vinegar, moistened and fed to ewes 10 days before estrus, can stimulate estrus and improve fertility.
2. A subcutaneous injection of 2 mg of ficrocohol (Fukangning) in the ear four weeks before estrus can promote estrus and increase reproductive rates, especially in ewes weighing over 40 kg.
3. Injecting 8–10 ml of equine serum gonadotropin 13–14 days after estrus can increase the rate of multiple births and embryo implantation.
Finally, proper breeding selection is essential. When ewes are in heat, it's important to choose a ram from a new breed with a good appearance, strong build, no genetic relationship, and a proven high reproductive rate. This ensures healthy offspring and better breeding outcomes.
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