Pigs are prone to parasitic infections, and deworming is one of the most effective strategies to control and prevent such diseases. Deworming involves the use of anthelmintic drugs to eliminate or kill internal and external parasites, thereby improving pig health, growth, and productivity.
When selecting anthelmintic drugs, it's important to choose those that are highly effective, safe, broad-spectrum, and have minimal environmental impact. Commonly used drugs include albendazole, levamisole, ivermectin, and abamectin. These medications can target a wide range of parasites, including intestinal nematodes, lungworms, and even external pests like lice. The choice of drug should be based on the specific parasite prevalence in the farm, and the administration method—whether oral, injectable, or topical—should be followed carefully for optimal results.
For example, levamisole can be administered orally at a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight, while ivermectin is often given subcutaneously at 0.3 mg/kg. Abamectin is also commonly used in feed formulations at a rate of 2g per 1000kg of feed. Other drugs like propibenzimidazole and mebendazole are effective against intestinal worms and trichinae. In addition, some products like Lingling spray can be used externally to control surface parasites.
Deworming should be done in areas where feces can be easily collected and disposed of to avoid spreading parasite eggs. It’s also recommended to repeat deworming treatments 2–3 times, especially for surface parasites that may reappear after treatment. A second dose is usually needed every 7–14 days to ensure all life stages of the parasite are eliminated.
Different drugs have different withdrawal periods, so it's essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding how long to wait before slaughtering or using the pigs for breeding. After deworming, proper disposal of manure is crucial. Instead of leaving it untreated, it should be collected, mixed with dry materials like straw or dung, and stored in a sealed pit. Over 1–3 months, the mixture will ferment at high temperatures (60–70°C), which effectively kills parasite eggs and harmful bacteria, making it safe to use as fertilizer.
In addition to deworming, maintaining a clean environment is vital. Regular removal and proper disposal of manure and bedding, along with thorough disinfection, help reduce the risk of reinfection. Ensuring clean water and feed, along with consistent hygiene practices, further supports the overall health of the pigs and reduces the spread of parasites.
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