Brooding is a critical phase in raising broiler chickens, and proper preparation and management are essential for the health and growth of the chicks. Two weeks before the brooding period, the broiler house must be thoroughly cleaned. All facilities, including electrical systems, heating equipment, and feeding tools, should be inspected, cleaned, and disinfected. A formaldehyde and potassium permanganate fumigation process is recommended—using 25 ml of formaldehyde and 12.5 g of potassium permanganate per cubic meter. The room should be sealed for 48 hours, then ventilated thoroughly. Afterward, all equipment should be washed with a 3% caustic soda solution and left to dry. At least one week should pass between disinfection and the arrival of the chicks. Additional surface disinfection using a 3% caustic soda solution or a 5-8% Lysol solution can be applied if needed.
Temperature and humidity control are crucial during brooding. Chicks are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, especially in the first 10 days of life. Their body temperature is around 39°C, and they have limited ability to regulate it. If the temperature is too low, they may huddle and vocalize; if too high, they may become restless and avoid eating. Ideal temperatures should be adjusted based on chick behavior, gradually decreasing by 2°C each week until reaching ambient temperature. Humidity is also important—too dry can cause excessive water consumption and poor digestion, while too high can lead to mold and coccidiosis. Ventilation should be managed carefully to maintain air quality and prevent respiratory issues.
After transportation, chicks are often dehydrated and need immediate access to water. It’s best to offer them water within 48 hours of hatching, starting with warm (around 30°C) water containing glucose, vitamins, and trace elements to support their health. After 48 hours, switch to clean, fresh water. Feeding should begin within 60 hours of hatching, using high-quality feed that is easy to digest and nutritionally balanced. Feed should be offered 6–8 times daily, and as the chicks grow, the diet should be adjusted to higher protein and energy levels.
Lighting plays an important role in brooding. Proper lighting ensures good feed and water intake. During the first three days, continuous lighting with 60–100 watt bulbs is recommended, then gradually reduce the duration by one hour each day. Light intensity should decrease from 10–20 lux to 5 lux, using 25–40 watt bulbs. The goal is to encourage natural feeding behavior without causing stress. Brooding density should also be considered—50–60 chicks per square meter in the first three weeks, and 30–40 in the following weeks.
Ventilation is vital for maintaining a healthy environment. Poor ventilation can lead to ammonia buildup, disease, and poor growth. Although the brooder area is typically closed for warmth, ventilation should be introduced after a few days to ensure fresh air circulation. Care must be taken to avoid cold drafts, which can harm the chicks.
Finally, a well-planned vaccination schedule and strict management practices are necessary to prevent disease outbreaks. Understanding the local disease prevalence and adjusting the immunization plan accordingly is key. Regular cleaning, proper feeding, and minimizing stress will improve overall flock performance. With careful attention to these factors, brooding success is greatly increased, laying a strong foundation for future egg production.
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