Brooding is a critical phase in the early development of broiler chickens, and proper preparation is essential for success. Two weeks before the brooding period, the broiler house should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. All facilities, including electrical systems, heating equipment, and feeding devices, must be inspected and maintained. A formaldehyde and potassium permanganate fumigation process is recommended: use 25 ml of formaldehyde and 12.5 g of potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space. Seal the room for 48 hours, then ventilate it completely. Afterward, clean all equipment with a 3% caustic soda solution and let it dry before use. At least one week should pass between disinfection and the start of brooding. Additional disinfection methods such as spraying with a 3% caustic soda solution or 5-8% Lysol can also be applied to maintain hygiene.
Temperature and humidity are crucial factors during brooding. The environment must be carefully controlled, especially for young chicks, who are highly sensitive to temperature changes. Their body temperature is around 39°C, and they cannot regulate their own body heat effectively. If the temperature is too low, they will huddle together and cry; if it's too high, they may become restless and avoid eating. Ideal temperatures vary depending on the brooding conditions, but generally, the temperature should be reduced by 2°C each week until it reaches ambient levels. Humidity is equally important—too dry, and the chicks may drink excessively, affecting digestion; too humid, and mold or coccidia could develop. Proper ventilation helps manage both temperature and humidity, especially in the early stages when heat sources increase dryness.
After transportation, chicks are often dehydrated and need immediate access to water. Provide them with clean, warm water (around 30°C) within 48 hours of hatching to help them rehydrate and pass meconium. Add 5% glucose, vitamins, and antibiotics to the water to support their health and prevent infections. After 48 hours, switch to fresh, cold water. Feeding should begin within 60 hours of hatching to ensure they receive adequate nutrition from the yolk sac. Feed them 6–8 times daily using high-quality feed that is nutritious, palatable, and easy to digest. As they grow, gradually introduce higher-protein, higher-energy feed.
Lighting plays a significant role in chick behavior and growth. Too much light can cause stress and aggression, while too little may reduce food intake. During the first three days, provide continuous lighting using 60–100 watt bulbs. After that, gradually reduce the duration by an hour each day, and lower the intensity from 10–20 lux to 5 lux using 25–40 watt bulbs. This ensures the chicks remain active and eat properly. Maintain a stocking density of 50–60 birds per square meter for the first three weeks and 30–40 for the next three weeks.
Proper ventilation is vital, especially in summer and autumn. Good air circulation reduces harmful gases like ammonia and prevents respiratory diseases. However, avoid exposing chicks to cold drafts. Ventilation should be adjusted based on the chicks’ activity level and the temperature difference between the brooder area and the outside.
Finally, implement a comprehensive vaccination and management plan tailored to the local conditions, chicken breed, and season. Regular cleaning, disinfection, and stress reduction through proper feeding and handling are essential for disease prevention and optimal growth. A well-structured brooding system lays the foundation for healthy laying hens and long-term productivity.
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