High-yielding Strawberry Cultivation Techniques in Autumn
(1) When selecting strong seedlings, it's important to choose disease-free plants that show vigorous growth and have a good root system. Varieties such as Baozao Zaosheng, Induka, Gorella, and Sofia are ideal choices. The seedlings should have at least four leaves, with a stem thickness of about 1 cm. If you're purchasing seedlings from outside, it's recommended to remove the larger outer leaves, leaving only 2-3 smaller leaves in the center. This helps reduce water loss through transpiration and improves the survival rate after transplanting.
(b) Soil preparation is crucial for successful strawberry cultivation. Choose loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter, with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Since strawberries have shallow roots, it’s best to plant them in areas with flat terrain that allows for easy irrigation and drainage. They can also be intercropped with tall crops or young fruit trees, making them suitable for mixed garden systems. About 15 days before planting, prepare the site by spraying 200 grams of trifluralin herbicide. Then, dig the soil to a depth of 30–40 cm and mix in 4,000 kg of high-quality compost per acre, along with 15 kg of ammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. Afterward, level the soil and create raised beds that are 10–20 meters long, 60–70 cm wide, and 10 cm high. Furrows should be 50–55 cm wide, 15 cm high, and 20 cm wide for proper drainage.
(c) Planting time is typically in mid-August, with late August being optimal for better growth. Once planted, strawberries will quickly recover and begin normal development. For flat ridge cultivation, plant two rows per bed with a spacing of 20 cm between rows and 12 cm between plants, resulting in approximately 10,000 plants per acre. Leave a 30 cm aisle between the beds. Alternatively, when planting in two rows, maintain a 20 cm spacing between rows and 15 cm between plants, which results in around 9,000 plants per acre. It’s best to plant on rainy days or during cool evenings to reduce stress on the plants. Ensure that the roots are not buried too deep or left exposed—just level with the soil surface. Dig small holes, place the seedlings inside, spread out the roots, fill with soil, and water thoroughly until new leaves appear.
(IV) Post-planting management plays a key role in ensuring healthy growth and flower bud formation. First, remove old leaves and stems promptly to promote air circulation and reduce disease risk. Second, apply nitrogen fertilizer in late September, using 15 kg of ammonium nitrate per acre, optionally combined with phosphate fertilizer. Third, ensure regular watering, and after each watering, cultivate the soil to keep it loose and warm, which aids in root establishment and overall plant health.
(5) Disease prevention and control are essential for maintaining healthy strawberry plants. Common issues include gray mold, powdery mildew, leaf spot, and spider mite infestations. To prevent gray mold, spray a 0.3-degree lime sulfur solution early in the season. For powdery mildew and leaf spot, use a 800–1000 times diluted solution of thiophanate-methyl. In case of spider mite damage, apply a 1200 times diluted solution of 40% omethoate. Regular monitoring and timely application of these treatments can significantly improve plant resilience and yield.
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