Compost fermentation fertilizer relies on the action of functional bacteria to accelerate the decomposition process. These microorganisms thrive best in a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio between 20:1 and 30:1, which ensures an optimal nutritional balance. To support this, it's essential to carefully manage the composition of the raw materials used in the composting process. If the C/N ratio is too low—such as when using only animal manure, which typically has a ratio below 20—it can lead to "nutrient deficiency," slowing down the fermentation.
To correct this, you should add high-carbon materials like straw, sawdust, or other organic matter that can raise the C/N ratio to the ideal range. In practice, many farms already include small amounts of these materials naturally, either through the bedding or in the feed. For example, chicken manure often contains some impurities, which helps bring its C/N ratio close to 30:1. This makes it suitable for direct fermentation without needing additional amendments, provided moisture levels are appropriate.
When using materials like bark, sawdust, peanut shells, or rice husks—which have high fiber content and low nitrogen—you should supplement them with nitrogen-rich sources such as urea solution, chicken manure, or fecal water to balance the C/N ratio. Proper mixing is also crucial; materials like straw should be chopped or crushed to ensure even distribution and better microbial activity.
If the final compost is intended for sale, attention should be given to the appearance and texture of the product. Finer particles are generally more appealing to buyers, so thorough grinding is recommended. However, if the compost is for personal use, the level of material fineness may not need to be as strict.
For more precise control over the C/N ratio, it’s advisable to refer to specialized resources or guidelines provided by composting companies. These often include detailed methods for calculating and adjusting the ratio based on the specific materials used. Understanding and managing this ratio is key to producing high-quality, effective compost fertilizer.
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