High-yielding Strawberry Cultivation Techniques in Autumn
(1) When selecting strong seedlings, it's important to choose disease-free plants that show robust growth and have a good root system. Varieties such as Baozao Zaosheng, Induka, Gorella, and Sofia are ideal choices. Healthy seedlings should have at least four leaves and a stem about 1 cm in diameter. If you're purchasing seedlings from outside, it's recommended to remove the larger outer leaves, leaving only 2-3 smaller leaflets in the center. This helps reduce water loss through transpiration and improves the survival rate of the plants after transplanting.
(b) Soil Preparation: Strawberries have shallow roots, so they thrive best in loose, nutrient-rich soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. The area should be flat, well-drained, and easy to irrigate. Due to their sensitivity to competition, strawberries can be intercropped with tall crops or young fruit trees, making them suitable for mixed garden cultivation. About 15 days before planting, prepare the site by spraying 200 grams of trifluralin herbicide. Then, dig the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm and mix in 4,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, along with 15 kg of ammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. After leveling the soil, create raised beds that are 10-20 meters long, 60-70 cm wide, and 10 cm high. Additionally, make furrows 50-55 cm wide, 15 cm high, and 20 cm wide for irrigation and drainage.
(c) Planting Time: The optimal time to plant strawberries is in mid-August, with planting continuing into late August. Once planted, the plants will quickly recover and begin normal growth. For flat ridge cultivation, plant two rows per bed, with 20 cm between rows and 12 cm between plants, resulting in approximately 10,000 plants per acre. Leave a 30 cm aisle between the ridges. When planting, place two rows per bed with 20 cm spacing between rows and 15 cm between individual plants, totaling around 9,000 plants per acre. It’s best to plant on rainy days or in the evening on sunny days. Ensure the roots are not buried too deep, nor left exposed. The root neck should be level with the soil surface. Before planting, dig small holes, place the seedlings inside, spread the roots, fill with soil, and water thoroughly until new leaves appear.
(IV) Post-Planting Care: To ensure healthy growth and promote flower bud formation, it's essential to promptly remove old leaves and stems. In late September, apply 15 kg of ammonium nitrate per acre, optionally combined with appropriate phosphate fertilizer. Water regularly, and after each watering, loosen the soil to keep it aerated and warm, which supports better root development and establishment of the plants.
(5) Disease Prevention and Control: Strawberries are prone to diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew, leaf spot, and spider mite infestations. To prevent gray mold, spray a 0.3-degree lime sulfur solution early in the season. For powdery mildew and leaf spot, use a 800–1000 times diluted solution of thiophanate. In case of spider mites, apply a 1200 times diluted solution of 40% omethoate emulsion. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are crucial for maintaining healthy crops.
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