Greenhouse tomato rice efficient planting mode

In recent years, farmers in Shangzhuang Town, Yandu District, Yancheng City have successfully developed and implemented a new, highly efficient greenhouse farming model that combines tomato and rice rotation. By 2005, this innovative approach had been widely adopted across 9,600 acres. On average, each mu (about 0.15 acres) produces 5,000 to 6,000 kilograms of tomatoes and approximately 600 kilograms of rice annually. For tomato cultivation, farmers selected high-quality, disease-resistant varieties such as Zhongza No. 9, Queen of Powder, Gold Powder 402, Kyoho Crown, and others. The seedling process was divided into two stages. In the first stage, which began in late November to early December, seedlings were grown in cold beds using Yangshuo technology. Each mu required 50–75 grams of seeds, with a seedbed density of 5–6 grams per square meter. Ten to fifteen days before sowing, the soil was enriched with base fertilizers and heated under plastic film to maintain moisture and warmth. The second stage involved transplanting the seedlings into greenhouses. Around early February, when the plants had 3–4 true leaves, they were carefully planted on sunny days. Each artificial bed measured 45 meters long and 1.3 meters wide. Before planting, 45% compound fertilizer (3–4 kg), 2 kg of urea, and 250–300 kg of diluted manure were applied. The spacing between plants was 13 cm. Plastic films were used to cover the beds, along with straw curtains for additional insulation. Seedlings were monitored closely for frost, humidity, and temperature, and a 0.1%–0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed to improve cold resistance. Strong seedlings should be 75–85 days old, with a height of 18–20 cm, a stem thickness of 0.5–0.6 cm, and 8–9 true leaves. Before planting tomatoes, farmers prepared the land by applying 5,000–6,000 kg of organic manure and 40 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per acre. A ridge was made, and the field was weeded, mulched, and warmed up. In mid-to-late March, when temperatures were stable, seedlings were transplanted on mulched plots. The row spacing was 45–50 cm, and the plant spacing was 30 cm. Additional sheds and covers were added to protect the young plants. During the growing season, farmers focused on insulation, support structures, and proper fertilization. They ensured good ventilation during flowering and fruiting and pruned old leaves to prevent premature aging. Fertilizer mixtures were applied regularly. The plastic films were removed in mid-March to early April, and by mid-May, all protective covers were taken off. Pest control was also a key focus throughout the season. Tomatoes were harvested at the white mature stage, often treated with ethylene elixirs to speed up ripening. Alternatively, they could be placed in a solution of 1,000–2,000 mg/kg ethephon and allowed to ripen at 25–28°C. Harvesting typically occurred from late April to early May. For rice cultivation, farmers selected suitable varieties like Xudao No. 3, Yandao No. 8, and Yangdao No. 6, which are resistant to lodging and diseases. Seedlings were raised using the dry bed method, sown in mid-May and transplanted in late June. A reasonable plant density was maintained to ensure strong growth, with a spacing of 13 cm between rows and 27 cm between plants. This resulted in 18,000–20,000 holes per mu and 80,000–100,000 seedlings per mu. Fertilizer and water management were carefully controlled. Base fertilizer was reduced, and additional applications were made based on the seedlings’ development. When 70%–80% of the seedlings had sprouted ears, growth was regulated to avoid excessive density. Before planting, seeds were soaked in pesticides to prevent pests and diseases. Farmers paid special attention to controlling planthoppers, aphids, leaf rollers, and various rice diseases such as stripe leaf blight, blast, and sheath blight. This comprehensive approach ensured a healthy and productive harvest for both tomatoes and rice.

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