A group of ducks in the breeding process often experience a decline in egg production due to factors such as feeding practices, genetic differences, and individual health. As a result, approximately 10–20% of the ducks may produce very few or no eggs at all. To optimize costs and improve overall egg production, it is advisable to cull low-yield ducks during the laying period based on specific physical and behavioral indicators.
First, ducks that have been in the breeding cycle for more than three years typically show a significant drop in productivity. Second, those with early feathering, long molting periods, or frequent molting are less likely to lay eggs consistently. Third, a small, wrinkled, and dry cloaca is a sign of reduced fertility.
Fourth, ducks with thick, short necks, short and narrow beaks, and flat tips—without a noticeable upward protrusion—are usually poor layers. Fifth, a small and hard abdomen, where only two fingers can fit between the pubic bones, is another indicator of low egg production, while high-yield ducks can accommodate three to five fingers.
Sixth, a narrow thoracodorsal area with rough, dull, and fluffy feathers suggests lower productivity. Seventh, a short body size, where the base of the wing and the heel of the leg are only 3–4 fingers apart, is also a sign of low yield, whereas high-yield ducks generally have a wider gap.
Eighth, overweight ducks that are lazy and eat excessively may not be efficient layers. Ninth, when held by the neck, low-yield ducks tend to move their legs up and down, while high-yield ducks keep their legs straight without swinging. Lastly, ducks suffering from illness, lameness, or producing misshapen or soft-shelled eggs should be removed from the breeding flock.
By identifying and removing these low-yield ducks, farmers can focus resources on the most productive individuals, leading to better economic returns and improved overall performance in duck farming.
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